Trofholz Amanda C, Tate Allan D, Draxten Michelle L, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne, Berge Jerica M
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.
Appetite. 2016 Jan 1;96:526-532. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.019. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
Little research exists about the factors influencing the foods available at family meals. This study examines the home food environment factors contributing to the presence of fruit and vegetables at family meals.
Home food inventory (HFI) and survey data were collected from low-income, minority families (n = 120) with children 6-12 years old. Observations from video-recorded family dinner meals, totaling 800 videos, were used to measure the frequency at which fruit and vegetables were served. Multiple regression was used to investigate how the fruit and vegetables in the HFI and other home food environment factors were related to the number of days fruit and vegetables were served at dinner during the observation period.
Availability and accessibility of fruit and vegetables in the home were each found to be significantly associated with the presence of fruits and vegetables at family dinners. Of the fruit and vegetable categories (i.e., fresh, canned, or frozen), having fresh fruit and vegetables available in the home was found to be most strongly associated with serving fruit and vegetables at dinner, respectively. Higher parent intake of vegetables was associated with the presence of vegetables at dinners, and parent meal planning was associated with the presence of fruit at dinners.
Increasing the availability and accessibility of fresh fruit and vegetables in the home may be an effective approach to increasing the presence of fruits and vegetables at family dinners, especially among low-income, minority households. It is also essential to understand why families are not using all fruits and vegetables (e.g., canned and frozen) available in the home for family meals. Family meals are a place to promote the increased presence of both fruit and vegetables.
关于影响家庭用餐时可获取食物的因素，相关研究较少。本研究探讨了家庭食物环境因素对家庭用餐时水果和蔬菜供应情况的影响。
收集了来自有6至12岁儿童的低收入少数族裔家庭（n = 120）的家庭食物库存（HFI）和调查数据。通过对总计800段家庭晚餐视频记录的观察，来衡量水果和蔬菜的供应频率。采用多元回归分析来研究家庭食物库存中的水果和蔬菜以及其他家庭食物环境因素与观察期内晚餐供应水果和蔬菜的天数之间的关系。
家庭中水果和蔬菜的可获取性和易获取性均与家庭晚餐时水果和蔬菜的供应显著相关。在水果和蔬菜类别（即新鲜、罐装或冷冻）中，家中有新鲜水果和蔬菜分别与晚餐供应水果和蔬菜的关联最为紧密。父母较高的蔬菜摄入量与晚餐时有蔬菜供应相关，而父母的用餐计划与晚餐时有水果供应相关。
增加家庭中新鲜水果和蔬菜的可获取性和易获取性可能是增加家庭晚餐时水果和蔬菜供应的有效方法，尤其是在低收入少数族裔家庭中。了解家庭为何不将家中所有可用的水果和蔬菜（如罐装和冷冻的）用于家庭用餐也很重要。家庭用餐是促进增加水果和蔬菜供应的场所。
