Börner G Valentin, Cha Rita S
Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115-2214;
North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2015 Nov 2;2015(11):970-4. doi: 10.1101/pdb.top077636.
Meiosis is a diploid-specific differentiation program that consists of a single round of genome duplication followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation. These events result in halving of the genetic complement, which is a requirement for formation of haploid reproductive cells (i.e., spores in yeast and gametes in animals and plants). During meiosis I, homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes (homologs) pair and separate, whereas sister chromatids remain connected at the centromeres and separate during the second meiotic division. In most organisms, accurate homolog disjunction requires crossovers, which are formed as products of meiotic recombination. For the past two decades, studies of yeast meiosis have provided invaluable insights into evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of meiosis.
减数分裂是一种特定于二倍体的分化程序，它包括一轮基因组复制，随后是两轮染色体分离。这些事件导致遗传物质减半，这是形成单倍体生殖生殖细胞（即酵母中的孢子以及动植物中的配子）的必要条件。在减数分裂I期间，来自母本和父本的同源染色体（同源物）配对并分离，而姐妹染色单体在着丝粒处保持连接，并在第二次减数分裂期间分离。在大多数生物体中，准确的同源物分离需要交叉，交叉是减数分裂重组的产物。在过去的二十年里，对酵母减数分裂的研究为减数分裂的进化保守机制提供了宝贵的见解。
