Nistal Esther, Fernández-Fernández Nereida, Vivas Santiago, Olcoz José Luis
Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León , León , Spain.
Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario de León , León , Spain.
Front Oncol. 2015 Oct 12;5:220. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00220. eCollection 2015.
The gastrointestinal tract, in particular the colon, holds a complex community of microorganisms, which are essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, in recent years, many studies have implicated microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), with this disease considered a major cause of death in the western world. The mechanisms underlying bacterial contribution in its development are complex and are not yet fully understood. However, there is increasing evidence showing a connection between intestinal microbiota and CRC. Intestinal microorganisms cause the onset and progression of CRC using different mechanisms, such as the induction of a chronic inflammation state, the biosynthesis of genotoxins that interfere with cell cycle regulation, the production of toxic metabolites, or heterocyclic amine activation of pro-diet carcinogenic compounds. Despite these advances, additional studies in humans and animal models will further decipher the relationship between microbiota and CRC, and aid in developing alternate therapies based on microbiota manipulation.
胃肠道，尤其是结肠，容纳着一个复杂的微生物群落，这些微生物对于维持体内平衡至关重要。然而，近年来，许多研究表明微生物群与结直肠癌（CRC）的发生有关，这种疾病被认为是西方世界的主要死因。细菌在其发展过程中所起作用的潜在机制很复杂，尚未完全了解。然而，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群与CRC之间存在联系。肠道微生物通过不同机制导致CRC的发生和发展，例如诱导慢性炎症状态、干扰细胞周期调控的基因毒素的生物合成、有毒代谢产物的产生，或前体饮食致癌化合物的杂环胺激活。尽管取得了这些进展，但在人类和动物模型中进行的更多研究将进一步阐明微生物群与CRC之间的关系，并有助于开发基于微生物群操纵的替代疗法。
