Zourkas Elaine, Ward Michael P, Kelman Mark
The University of Sydney Faculty of Veterinary Science, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
The University of Sydney Faculty of Veterinary Science, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
Vet Microbiol. 2015 Dec 31;181(3-4):198-203. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.009. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease reported worldwide. Outbreaks occur throughout Australia, and it has been suggested that disproportionally more CPV cases occur in rural locations. However, evidence to support this suggestion-and possible reasons for such a predisposition-has not existed until now. In this study a total of 4870 CPV cases reported from an Australian disease surveillance system between September 2009 and July 2014 were analysed. Australian postcodes were classified as rural or urban (based on human population density) and reported CPV cases were then categorised as rural or urban based on their reported home postcode. Parvovirus cases were predominately young (<12 months), entire, unvaccinated, mixed-breed dogs. More than twice as many of the reported cases were from a rural area (3321 cases) compared to an urban area (1549 cases). The overall case fatality rate was 47.2%; it was higher for those CPV cases reported from urban areas (50.6%) than rural areas (45.5%). A greater proportion of rural cases were younger, entire dogs compared to urban cases. The final multivariable model of CPV cases being reported from a rural area included age (<12 months) and vaccination status (never vaccinated) as significant predictors. Poor socioeconomic status might be a reason for the decision of rural owners not to vaccinate their dogs as readily as urban owners. The excess reporting of rural CPV cases compared to urban cases and the predictive risk factors identified in this study can be used by veterinarians to reduce the incidence of CPV by educating owners about the disease and promoting better vaccination programs in rural areas. This study also supports that the increased risk of CPV in rural areas may necessitate a need for increased vigilance around preventing CPV disease spread, additional care with puppies which are the most susceptible to this disease and tighter vaccination protocols, compared to urban areas.
犬细小病毒（CPV）是一种在全球范围内都有报道的高度传染性且往往致命的疾病。澳大利亚各地均有疫情爆发，有人认为农村地区的CPV病例比例过高。然而，直到现在，支持这一观点的证据以及这种易感性的可能原因都不存在。在本研究中，对2009年9月至2014年7月期间从澳大利亚疾病监测系统报告的总共4870例CPV病例进行了分析。澳大利亚的邮政编码根据人口密度分为农村或城市，然后根据报告的家庭邮政编码将报告的CPV病例分为农村或城市。细小病毒病例主要是年龄小于12个月、未绝育、未接种疫苗的混种犬。报告病例中来自农村地区的数量（3321例）是城市地区（1549例）的两倍多。总体病死率为47.2%；城市地区报告的CPV病例病死率（50.6%）高于农村地区（45.5%）。与城市病例相比，农村病例中更大比例的是年龄较小、未绝育的犬。农村地区报告CPV病例的最终多变量模型包括年龄（小于12个月）和疫苗接种状况（从未接种）作为显著预测因素。社会经济地位低下可能是农村犬主不像城市犬主那样愿意为其犬接种疫苗的一个原因。兽医可以利用本研究中发现的农村CPV病例报告量高于城市病例以及预测风险因素，通过向犬主宣传该疾病并在农村地区推广更好的疫苗接种计划来降低CPV的发病率。本研究还支持，与城市地区相比，农村地区CPV风险增加可能需要在预防CPV疾病传播方面提高警惕，对最易感染该疾病的幼犬给予额外护理，并加强疫苗接种方案。
