Dobenecker B, Braun U
Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
AlzChem AG, Trostberg, Germany.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2015 Dec;99(6):1017-24. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12383. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
The concentrations of creatine and its degradation product creatinine were determined in a variety of unprocessed as well as processed feedstuffs suitable for dogs. Unprocessed feedstuffs were categorised as single feedstuffs, bone and raw food diets (BARF), and small vertebrates, for example prey animals. Processed feedstuffs were categorised as meat/meat and bone meals, complete wet diets and complete dry diets. The feedstuffs were chosen to cover a broad range of each of the three defined processed and unprocessed feed categories available on the market without further subclustering. The creatine content of the samples was compared on a dry matter, protein and energy basis. The relation of creatine to crude protein permitted a rating of the meat quality in terms of muscle tissue.
We found no difference in creatine concentrations between the three categories of unprocessed feedstuffs (raw single feedstuffs, prey and BARF diets), neither on a dry matter basis nor when expressed relative to crude protein and metabolisable energy respectively. Significantly lower levels were determined in meat/meat and bone meal and commercial dry diets (e.g. 303 mg creatine/MJ ME in unprocessed vs. 6 mg/MJ ME in processed feedstuffs; p < 0.001). We conclude that in relation to ME, the exclusive use of conventionally processed diets for dogs, especially dry diets, leads to considerably lower intake of creatine which is a natural compound of the diet of this carnivorous and omnivorous species.
测定了多种适合犬类的未加工及加工饲料中肌酸及其降解产物肌酐的浓度。未加工饲料分为单一饲料、生骨肉饮食（BARF）以及小型脊椎动物，如猎物动物。加工饲料分为肉/肉骨粉、全湿粮和全干粮。选择这些饲料以涵盖市场上三种定义的加工和未加工饲料类别中的每一类的广泛范围，不再进一步细分。对样品的肌酸含量按干物质、蛋白质和能量基准进行比较。肌酸与粗蛋白的关系允许根据肌肉组织对肉质进行评级。
我们发现三类未加工饲料（生单一饲料、猎物和BARF饮食）之间的肌酸浓度没有差异，无论是基于干物质，还是分别相对于粗蛋白和代谢能而言。在肉/肉骨粉和商业干粮中测定的水平显著较低（例如，未加工饲料中为303毫克肌酸/兆焦代谢能，而加工饲料中为6毫克/兆焦代谢能；p<0.001）。我们得出结论，相对于代谢能而言，犬类单纯使用传统加工饲料，尤其是干粮，会导致肌酸摄入量大幅降低，而肌酸是这种肉食性和杂食性物种饮食中的天然成分。
