Balegh Saharnaz, Marcus Natania, Dubuc Sophie, Godin Gaston, France Christopher R, Ditto Blaine
Department of Psychology, McGill University.
Héma-Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Transfusion. 2016 Feb;56(2):433-9. doi: 10.1111/trf.13386. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Recruiting new donors is a challenging experience for most blood collection agencies. A modest proportion of the population is eligible to give blood and few of these individuals volunteer. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of brief behavioral interventions on nondonors' intention to give blood, by addressing some commonly reported obstacles.
A total of 244 young adults who were eligible to give blood but had never done so participated in the study. They were assigned randomly to an applied tension (AT) instruction condition, a relaxation instruction condition, a Web browsing condition, or a no-treatment control condition. After the 20-minute experimental intervention, half watched three short injection and blood draw videos and the others sat quietly. Intention to give blood and different cognitive constructs associated with blood donation were measured using a Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire.
Participants in all three active conditions had significantly greater increases in intention to donate blood compared to controls, although those who learned AT had greater increases than Web browsing. Bootstrapping tests of mediation indicated particular importance of increased perceived behavioral control in AT and relaxation treatment effects. Follow-up analyses revealed a significant association between degree of within-session increase in intention and subsequent blood clinic attendance.
These results suggest that simple interventions can be effective in increasing nondonors' intention to donate blood and, perhaps, actual attendance. The mediational analyses suggest that interventions can selectively target different barriers associated with blood donation.
对于大多数采血机构而言，招募新的献血者是一项具有挑战性的工作。只有一小部分人口符合献血条件，而且其中很少有人自愿献血。本研究的目的是通过解决一些常见的障碍，来检验简短行为干预对非献血者献血意愿的影响。
共有244名符合献血条件但从未献过血的年轻人参与了该研究。他们被随机分配到应用张力（AT）指导组、放松指导组、网络浏览组或无治疗对照组。在20分钟的实验干预后，一半人观看了三段简短的注射和抽血视频，另一半人安静地坐着。使用计划行为理论问卷测量献血意愿以及与献血相关的不同认知结构。
与对照组相比，所有三个积极干预组的参与者献血意愿都有显著提高，不过学习应用张力的参与者比网络浏览组的提高幅度更大。中介效应的自抽样检验表明，在应用张力和放松治疗效果中，感知行为控制的增加尤为重要。后续分析显示， session内意愿增加程度与随后的血液诊所就诊之间存在显著关联。
这些结果表明，简单的干预措施可以有效地提高非献血者的献血意愿，甚至可能提高实际献血率。中介分析表明，干预措施可以有针对性地解决与献血相关的不同障碍。
