Reynolds Chandra A, Gatz Margaret, Christensen Kaare, Christiansen Lene, Dahl Aslan Anna K, Kaprio Jaakko, Korhonen Tellervo, Kremen William S, Krueger Robert, McGue Matt, Neiderhiser Jenae M, Pedersen Nancy L
Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Behav Genet. 2016 Jan;46(1):4-19. doi: 10.1007/s10519-015-9761-3. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Despite emerging interest in gene-environment interaction (GxE) effects, there is a dearth of studies evaluating its potential relevance apart from specific hypothesized environments and biometrical variance trends. Using a monozygotic within-pair approach, we evaluated evidence of G×E for body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, and cognition (verbal, spatial, attention, working memory, perceptual speed) in twin studies from four countries. We also evaluated whether APOE is a 'variability gene' across these measures and whether it partly represents the 'G' in G×E effects. In all three domains, G×E effects were pervasive across country and gender, with small-to-moderate effects. Age-cohort trends were generally stable for BMI and depressive symptoms; however, they were variable-with both increasing and decreasing age-cohort trends-for different cognitive measures. Results also suggested that APOE may represent a 'variability gene' for depressive symptoms and spatial reasoning, but not for BMI or other cognitive measures. Hence, additional genes are salient beyond APOE.
尽管人们对基因-环境相互作用（GxE）效应的兴趣日益浓厚，但除了特定的假设环境和生物统计学方差趋势外，评估其潜在相关性的研究却很匮乏。我们采用单卵双生子配对方法，在来自四个国家的双胞胎研究中，评估了基因与环境相互作用对体重指数（BMI）、抑郁症状和认知能力（语言、空间、注意力、工作记忆、感知速度）的证据。我们还评估了载脂蛋白E（APOE）是否是这些指标的“可变基因”，以及它是否部分代表了基因-环境相互作用效应中的“G”。在所有这三个领域中，基因-环境相互作用效应在不同国家和性别中普遍存在，影响程度为小到中等。年龄队列趋势对于BMI和抑郁症状总体上较为稳定；然而，对于不同的认知指标，它们是可变的——年龄队列趋势既有上升也有下降。结果还表明，APOE可能是抑郁症状和空间推理的“可变基因”，但不是BMI或其他认知指标的“可变基因”。因此，除了APOE之外，其他基因也很重要。
