Deshpande Mugdha, Rodal Avital A
Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
Traffic. 2016 Feb;17(2):87-101. doi: 10.1111/tra.12345. Epub 2015 Dec 9.
Neurons require target-derived autocrine and paracrine growth factors to maintain proper identity, innervation, homeostasis and survival. Neuronal growth factor signaling is highly dependent on membrane traffic, both for the packaging and release of the growth factors themselves, and for regulation of intracellular signaling by their transmembrane receptors. Here, we review recent findings from the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that illustrate how specific steps of intracellular traffic and inter-organelle interactions impinge on signaling, particularly in the bone morphogenic protein, Wingless and c-Jun-activated kinase pathways, regulating elaboration and stability of NMJ arbors, construction of synapses and synaptic transmission and homeostasis. These membrane trafficking and signaling pathways have been implicated in human motor neuron diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, highlighting their importance for neuronal health and survival.
神经元需要靶源性自分泌和旁分泌生长因子来维持适当的特性、神经支配、内环境稳定和存活。神经元生长因子信号传导高度依赖于膜运输，这既涉及生长因子自身的包装和释放，也涉及通过其跨膜受体对细胞内信号传导的调节。在这里，我们综述了来自果蝇幼虫神经肌肉接头（NMJ）的最新发现，这些发现阐明了细胞内运输的特定步骤和细胞器间相互作用如何影响信号传导，特别是在骨形态发生蛋白、无翅蛋白和c-Jun激活激酶途径中，调节NMJ树突的细化和稳定性、突触的构建、突触传递及内环境稳定。这些膜运输和信号传导途径与包括肌萎缩侧索硬化症和遗传性痉挛性截瘫在内的人类运动神经元疾病有关，凸显了它们对神经元健康和存活的重要性。
