Pujar Ashwini, Pereira Treville, Tamgadge Avinash, Bhalerao Sudhir, Tamgadge Sandhya
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2015 Sep-Oct;60(5):450-6. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.159626.
Basement membrane (BM) is a thick sheet of extracellular matrix molecules, upon which epithelial cells attach. Various immunohistochemical studies in the past have been carried out but these advanced staining techniques are expensive and not feasible in routine laboratories. Although hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) is very popular among pathologists for looking at biopsies, the method has some limitations. This is where special stains come handy.
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate and compare the efficacy of H-E, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and fluorescent periodic acid-acriflavine staining techniques for the basement membrane and to establish a histochemical stain which could be cost effective, less time consuming, and unambiguous for observation of the basement membrane zone.
A total number of 40 paraffin-embedded tissue sections of known basement membrane containing tissues including 10 - Normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 30 - oral lichen planus (OLP) were considered in the study. Four-micron-thick sections of each block were cut and stained with H-E stain, PAS and fluorescent periodic acid-acriflavine stain. Sections were evaluated by three oral pathologists independently for continuity, contrast and pattern.
Though all the three stains showed favorable features at different levels, acriflavine stain was better than the other stains in demonstrating BM continuity, contrast and also the pattern followed by PAS stain. Acriflavine stain was the better in demonstrating a fibrillar pattern of a BM. Acriflavine stains a BM distinctly and is less time consuming and easy to carry out using readily available dyes as compared to other stains.
The continuity and contrast along with the homogenous pattern and the afibrillar pattern of the BM was better demonstrated by acriflavine followed by the PAS stain.
基底膜（BM）是一层厚厚的细胞外基质分子，上皮细胞附着其上。过去已经进行了各种免疫组织化学研究，但这些先进的染色技术成本高昂，在常规实验室中不可行。尽管苏木精和伊红（H-E）在病理学家检查活检时非常常用，但该方法存在一些局限性。这就是特殊染色发挥作用的地方。
本研究的目的是展示并比较H-E、过碘酸希夫（PAS）和荧光过碘酸-吖啶黄染色技术对基底膜的效果，并建立一种具有成本效益、耗时少且观察基底膜区清晰明确的组织化学染色方法。
本研究共纳入40个已知含有基底膜组织的石蜡包埋组织切片，包括10个正常口腔黏膜（NOM）和30个口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）。每个组织块切成4微米厚的切片，分别用H-E染色、PAS染色和荧光过碘酸-吖啶黄染色。由三名口腔病理学家独立评估切片的连续性、对比度和形态。
尽管所有三种染色在不同程度上都显示出良好的特征，但吖啶黄染色在显示基底膜连续性、对比度以及形态方面优于其他染色，其次是PAS染色。吖啶黄染色在显示基底膜的纤维状形态方面表现更佳。与其他染色相比，吖啶黄能清晰地染色基底膜，耗时更少，且使用现成的染料易于操作。
吖啶黄染色在显示基底膜的连续性、对比度以及均匀和无纤维形态方面优于PAS染色。
