Departmento de Biología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Apr;37(2):225-32. doi: 10.1139/h11-152. Epub 2012 Mar 1.
Many authors have proposed the necessity of the design and implementation of dietary and nutrition education programs for soccer players, although little information is available about the determinants of food selection and nutrient intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional intake and eating patterns of soccer players according to their playing position in the team. Eighty-seven young male soccer players (aged 16-21 years) were recruited from the junior teams of a Spanish First Division Soccer League Club and divided into 6 positional categories (goalkeepers, full-backs, centre-backs, midfielders, wingers, and forwards). Body composition (height, weight, and body fat), performance in soccer-specific tests (jumping, sprinting, and intermittent endurance), and dietary intake (weighed food intake method) were assessed. A spontaneous higher carbohydrate intake was observed for full-backs, midfielders, and wingers (g·kg(-1) body mass: 4.9 ± 1.0, 4.9 ± 1.3, 4.9 ± 0.8; % of energy intake: 47 ± 5, 46 ± 6, 46 ± 4), compared with goalkeepers and centre-backs (g·kg(-1) of body mass: 3.9 ± 1.0, 4.3 ± 1.1; % of energy intake: 44 ± 3, 42 ± 4). These differences were related to food selection patterns, and a higher contribution to daily energy intake of cereals, derivatives, and potatoes was observed between full-backs compared with goalkeepers and centre-backs (33% vs. 27% and 25%). The magnitude of these differences is limited considering the whole diet, and an inadequate nutrient intake were observed in most individuals of every group. The design and implementation of nutrition intervention programs, taking into consideration positional differences in nutritional intake, would be useful for these players.
许多作者提出了为足球运动员设计和实施饮食和营养教育计划的必要性,尽管关于食物选择和营养素摄入的决定因素的信息很少。本研究的目的是根据球员在球队中的位置评估足球运动员的营养摄入和饮食习惯。从西班牙甲级足球联赛俱乐部的青年队中招募了 87 名年轻男性足球运动员(年龄 16-21 岁),并将他们分为 6 个位置类别(守门员、边后卫、中后卫、中场、边锋和前锋)。评估了身体成分(身高、体重和体脂)、足球专项测试(跳跃、冲刺和间歇性耐力)的表现以及饮食摄入(称重食物摄入法)。观察到边后卫、中场和边锋的碳水化合物摄入自发更高(g·kg(-1)体重:4.9 ± 1.0、4.9 ± 1.3、4.9 ± 0.8;能量摄入的%:47 ± 5、46 ± 6、46 ± 4),与守门员和中后卫相比(g·kg(-1)体重:3.9 ± 1.0、4.3 ± 1.1;能量摄入的%:44 ± 3、42 ± 4)。这些差异与食物选择模式有关,并且观察到边后卫与守门员和中后卫相比,谷物、衍生物和土豆对日常能量摄入的贡献更高(33%比 27%和 25%)。考虑到整个饮食,这些差异的幅度是有限的,并且大多数个体的营养摄入不足。考虑到营养摄入的位置差异,设计和实施营养干预计划对这些运动员将是有用的。