Iglesias-Gutiérrez Eduardo, García-Rovés Pablo M, Rodríguez Carmen, Braga Socorro, García-Zapico Pedro, Patterson Angeles M
Facultad de Medicina, Dept. de Biología Funcional (Fisiología), Univ. de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
Can J Appl Physiol. 2005 Feb;30(1):18-32. doi: 10.1139/h05-102.
The aim of this study was to assess the food habits and nutritional status of high level adolescent soccer players (N = 33; ages 14-16 yrs) living in their home environment. Body composition (height, mass, skinfolds), biochemical and hematological parameters, performance in soccer-specific tests (sprinting, jumping, intermittent endurance), and dietary intake (weighed food intake method) and related behaviors (nutrient supplement use, daily activity profile) were assessed. Daily energy expenditure and energy intake were 12.5 MJ and 12.6 MJ, respectively. Protein (16% of energy intake; 1.9 g/kg of body mass), lipid (38%), and cholesterol (385 mg) intake were above recommendations, while carbohydrates (45%) were below. The food intake of these adolescents was based on cereals and derivates; meat, fish, and eggs; milk and dairy products; biscuits and confectionery; and oil, butter and margarine, which provided 78% of total energy intake, 85% of proteins, 64% of carbohydrates, 90% of lipids, and 47% of fiber. Although diet provided sufficient iron, 48% of individuals showed iron deficiency without anemia. Based on these results, a well designed nutrition intervention would be advisable for optimizing performance, and especially for promoting healthy eating habits in adolescent soccer players.
本研究旨在评估生活在家庭环境中的高水平青少年足球运动员(N = 33;年龄14 - 16岁)的饮食习惯和营养状况。评估了身体成分(身高、体重、皮褶厚度)、生化和血液学参数、足球专项测试中的表现(短跑、跳跃、间歇耐力)、饮食摄入量(称重法)以及相关行为(营养补充剂使用、日常活动情况)。每日能量消耗和能量摄入分别为12.5兆焦耳和12.6兆焦耳。蛋白质摄入量(占能量摄入的16%;1.9克/千克体重)、脂质摄入量(38%)和胆固醇摄入量(385毫克)高于推荐值,而碳水化合物摄入量(45%)低于推荐值。这些青少年的食物摄入量主要基于谷物及其制品、肉、鱼和蛋、牛奶及奶制品、饼干和糖果以及油、黄油和人造黄油,这些食物提供了总能量摄入的78%、蛋白质的85%、碳水化合物的64%、脂质的90%和纤维的47%。尽管饮食提供了足够的铁,但48%的个体存在缺铁但无贫血的情况。基于这些结果,建议进行精心设计的营养干预,以优化表现,特别是促进青少年足球运动员养成健康的饮食习惯。