UMR AGAP Institut, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
PLoS One. 2023 Jul 31;18(7):e0283324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283324. eCollection 2023.
The grape genus Vitis L. includes the domesticated V. vinifera, which is one of the most important fruit crop, and also close relatives recognized as valuable germplasm resources for improving cultivars. To resolve some standing problems in the species relationships within the Vitis genus we analyzed diversity in a set of 90 accessions comprising most of Vitis species and some putative hybrids. We discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SANGER sequences of twelve loci and genotyped accessions at a larger number of SNPs using a previously developed SNP array. Our phylogenic analyses consistently identified: three clades in North America, one in East Asia, and one in Europe corresponding to V. vinifera. Using heterozygosity measurement, haplotype reconstruction and chloroplast markers, we identified the hybrids existing within and between clades. The species relationships were better assessed after discarding these hybrids from analyses. We also studied the relationships between phylogeny and morphological traits and found that several traits significantly correlated with the phylogeny. The American clade that includes important species such as V. riparia and V. rupestris showed a major divergence with all other clades based on both DNA polymorphisms and morphological traits.
葡萄属（Vitis L.）包括已驯化的酿酒葡萄（V. vinifera），它是最重要的水果作物之一，也是被公认为改良品种有价值的遗传资源的近缘种。为了解决葡萄属内物种关系中的一些悬而未决的问题，我们分析了由 90 个葡萄品种组成的一组材料的多样性，这些品种包括大多数葡萄种和一些假定的杂种。我们在 12 个基因座的 SANGER 序列中发现了单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），并使用先前开发的 SNP 芯片对更多的 SNP 进行了基因型分析。我们的系统发育分析一致鉴定出：北美有三个分支，东亚和欧洲各有一个分支，分别对应于酿酒葡萄。利用杂合度测量、单倍型重建和叶绿体标记，我们鉴定了种内和种间杂种的存在。将这些杂种从分析中剔除后，我们对物种关系进行了更好的评估。我们还研究了系统发育与形态特征之间的关系，发现几个特征与系统发育显著相关。包括重要物种如河岸葡萄（V. riparia）和圆叶葡萄（V. rupestris）的美洲分支与其他所有分支基于 DNA 多态性和形态特征都有很大的分歧。
