Grunér M S, Kauscher U, Linder M B, Monopoli M P
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Biotechnology, Tietotie 2, FIN-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland; Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 16100FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.
Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
J Proteomics. 2016 Mar 30;137:52-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.028. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
Nanoparticles (NPs) in contact with biological fluids become covered by a tightly bound layer of proteins, the "protein corona", and it is largely accepted that this corona gives a new identity to NPs in biological milieu. We here consider the exposing scenario of NPs through an environmental route exemplified by the use of hydrophobins, highly adhesive proteins that are secreted into the environment in large quantities by fungi. HFBII of Trichoderma reesei has been used as a model protein and we have shown strong binding to polystyrene NPs of different sizes and surface groups. Hydrophobin coated NPs are shown to strongly increase the stability and the dispersion when exposed to human plasma compared to pristine ones particles. It is also shown that the presence of hydrophobin on the NPs results in an attenuated protein corona formation, in a different corona composition, and we also show that hydrophobin remained strongly associated to the NPs in competition with plasma proteins. As a conclusion we therefore suggest that the route of exposure of nanoparticles strongly affects their surface properties and their possible physiological behavior.
This work shows how a self-assembling protein, class II hydrophobin HFBII, with interesting biocompatible coating properties, strongly adsorbs on polystyrene NPs. HFBII is also shown to reduce aggregation of the NPs in human plasma which can increase their bioavailability with potential use in biomedical applications. The results here are also of significance for understanding possible interactions of NPs with living organisms. Hydrophobins are secreted in large quantities into the environment by fungi and this work shows how the biological environment of NPs determines the surface and colloidal properties of the particles by forming a protein corona, and that the history of the particle environment, here simulated with hydrophobin exposure, affects both plasma protein corona formation and dispersion behavior. This work thus simulates how alternative exposure routes affect nanoparticle properties, important in understanding the biological fate of NPs.
与生物流体接触的纳米颗粒（NPs）会被一层紧密结合的蛋白质层，即“蛋白质冠”所覆盖，并且人们普遍认为，这种蛋白质冠赋予了纳米颗粒在生物环境中的新特性。我们在此考虑纳米颗粒通过环境途径的暴露情况，以疏水蛋白为例，疏水蛋白是真菌大量分泌到环境中的高粘性蛋白质。里氏木霉的HFBII已被用作模型蛋白，我们已经证明它能与不同尺寸和表面基团的聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒强烈结合。与原始颗粒相比，疏水蛋白包被的纳米颗粒在暴露于人体血浆时，其稳定性和分散性显著提高。研究还表明，纳米颗粒上疏水蛋白的存在会导致蛋白质冠形成减弱、组成不同，并且我们还表明，在与血浆蛋白竞争时，疏水蛋白仍与纳米颗粒紧密结合。因此，我们得出结论，纳米颗粒的暴露途径会强烈影响其表面性质及其可能的生理行为。
这项工作展示了一种具有有趣生物相容性包被特性的自组装蛋白，即II类疏水蛋白HFBII，如何强烈吸附在聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒上。研究还表明，HFBII可减少纳米颗粒在人体血浆中的聚集，这可能会提高其生物利用度，在生物医学应用中具有潜在用途。这里的结果对于理解纳米颗粒与生物体之间可能的相互作用也具有重要意义。疏水蛋白由真菌大量分泌到环境中，这项工作展示了纳米颗粒的生物环境如何通过形成蛋白质冠来决定颗粒的表面和胶体性质，并且颗粒环境的历史，这里通过疏水蛋白暴露进行模拟，会影响血浆蛋白冠的形成和分散行为。因此，这项工作模拟了不同的暴露途径如何影响纳米颗粒的性质，这对于理解纳米颗粒的生物命运很重要。
