Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen (Germany).
FAU, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762 Fürth (Germany).
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Jan 4;55(1):405-7. doi: 10.1002/anie.201507070. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
Potential biomedicinal applications of graphene oxide (GO), for example, as a carrier of biomolecules or a reagent for photothermal therapy and biosensing, are limited by its cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. It is believed that these properties are at least partially caused by GO-induced oxidative stress in cells. However, it is not known which chemical fragments of GO are responsible for this unfavorable effect. We generated four GOs containing variable redox-active groups on the surface, including Mn(2+), C-centered radicals, and endoperoxides (EPs). A comparison of the abilities of these materials to generate reactive oxygen species in human cervical cancer cells revealed that EPs play a crucial role in GO-induced oxidative stress. These data could be applied to the rational design of biocompatible nontoxic GOs for biomedical applications.
氧化石墨烯（GO）具有潜在的生物医药应用，例如作为生物分子的载体或光热治疗和生物传感的试剂，但由于其细胞毒性和致突变性而受到限制。据信，这些特性至少部分是由 GO 诱导的细胞氧化应激引起的。然而，目前尚不清楚 GO 中哪些化学片段负责这种不利影响。我们生成了四种含有表面可变氧化还原活性基团的 GO，包括 Mn(2+)、C 中心自由基和内过氧化物（EPs）。比较这些材料在人宫颈癌细胞中生成活性氧的能力表明，EPs 在 GO 诱导的氧化应激中起着关键作用。这些数据可应用于合理设计用于生物医学应用的生物相容性无毒 GO。
