Gardas Bartłomiej, Deffner Sebastian
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2015 Oct;92(4):042126. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.042126. Epub 2015 Oct 12.
The Carnot statement of the second law of thermodynamics poses an upper limit on the efficiency of all heat engines. Recently, it has been studied whether generic quantum features such as coherence and quantum entanglement could allow for quantum devices with efficiencies larger than the Carnot efficiency. The present study shows that this is not permitted by the laws of thermodynamics-independent of the model. We will show that rather the definition of heat has to be modified to account for the thermodynamic cost of maintaining non-Gibbsian equilibrium states. Our theoretical findings are illustrated for two experimentally relevant examples.
热力学第二定律的卡诺表述对所有热机的效率设定了上限。最近，人们研究了诸如相干性和量子纠缠等一般量子特性是否能使量子装置的效率高于卡诺效率。本研究表明，热力学定律不允许这种情况发生，与模型无关。我们将表明，相反，必须修改热的定义，以考虑维持非吉布斯平衡态的热力学成本。我们通过两个与实验相关的例子说明了我们的理论发现。
