Hajdari Avni, Mustafa Behxhet, Nebija Dashnor, Miftari Elheme, Quave Cassandra L, Novak Johannes
Institute for Biological and Environmental Research, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Prishtina ' Hasan Prishtina', Mother Theresa St. 10000 Prishtinë, Kosovo, (phone: +381-38-249872; fax: +381-38-226104).
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina ' Hasan Prishtina', St. Bulevardi i Dëshmorëve, 10 000 Prishtinë, Kosovo.
Chem Biodivers. 2015 Nov;12(11):1706-17. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201400439.
Ripe cones of Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) were collected from five wild populations in Kosovo, with the aim of investigating the chemical composition and natural variation of essential oils between and within wild populations. Ripe cones were collected, air dried, crushed, and the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation. The essential-oil constituents were identified by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The yield of essential oil differed depending on the population origins and ranged from 0.4 to 3.8% (v/w, based on the dry weight). In total, 42 compounds were identified in the essential oils of all populations. The principal components of the cone-essential oils were α-pinene, followed by β-myrcene, sabinene, and D-limonene. Taking into consideration the yield and chemical composition, the essential oil originating from various collection sites in Kosovo fulfilled the minimum requirements for J. communis essential oils of the European Pharmacopoeia. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the influence of the geographical variations on the essential-oil composition. These statistical analyses suggested that the clustering of populations was not related to their geographic location, but rather appeared to be linked to local selective forces acting on the chemotype diversity.
从科索沃的五个野生种群中采集了杜松（柏科）的成熟球果，目的是研究野生种群之间以及种群内部精油的化学成分和自然变异。采集成熟球果，风干、碾碎，通过水蒸馏法获得精油。通过气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测（GC - FID）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC/MS）分析鉴定精油成分。精油产量因种群来源而异，范围为0.4%至3.8%（v/w，基于干重）。所有种群的精油中共鉴定出42种化合物。球果精油的主要成分是α-蒎烯，其次是β-月桂烯、桧烯和D-柠檬烯。考虑到产量和化学成分，来自科索沃不同采集地点的精油符合欧洲药典中杜松精油的最低要求。采用层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）来确定地理变异对精油成分的影响。这些统计分析表明，种群的聚类与它们的地理位置无关，而似乎与作用于化学型多样性的局部选择力有关。
