Ndetei David Musyimi, Mutiso Victoria, Musyimi Christine, Mokaya Aggrey G, Anderson Kelly K, McKenzie Kwame, Musau Abednego
Africa Mental Health Foundation, Mawensi Road, Off Elgon Road, Mawensi Garden, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016 Jan;51(1):63-71. doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1132-0. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among upper primary school children in grades five through seven in Kenya.
The Youth Self Report (YSR) instrument was adapted for use in Kenyan schools and administered to 2267 school children in grades five through seven from 23 randomly selected schools. We estimated the prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders, and used logistic regression analyses to examine the socio-demographic factors associated with each disorder.
The prevalence of any mental disorder among Kenyan school children was 37.7 % (95 % CI = 35.7-39.7 %). Somatic complaints were the most prevalent (29.6 %, 95 % CI = 27.8-31.5 %), followed by affective disorders (14.1 %, 95 % CI = 12.7-15.6 %) and conduct disorder (12.5 %, 95 % CI = 11.2-13.9). The presence of one or more comorbid mental disorder was seen among 18.2 % (95 % CI = 16.6-19.8 %) of children. Male sex, living in a peri-urban vs. rural area, being held back in school, having divorced or separated parents, and having an employed mother were associated with an increased likelihood of having most of the mental disorders examined, whereas increasing age was associated with a reduced likelihood.
We observed a high prevalence of mental disorders among school children in Kenya. If not detected early, these disorders may interfere with children's psychological, social, and educational development. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing screening measures in schools that can detect single and multiple disorders in order to improve the mental health and well-being of the next generation.
本研究旨在评估肯尼亚五至七年级小学高年级学生中精神障碍的患病率及其相关因素。
对青少年自评量表（YSR）进行改编，以便在肯尼亚学校使用，并对来自23所随机抽取学校的2267名五至七年级学童进行施测。我们估算了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）中精神障碍的患病率，并使用逻辑回归分析来检验与每种障碍相关的社会人口学因素。
肯尼亚学童中任何精神障碍的患病率为37.7%（95%置信区间=35.7 - 39.7%）。躯体主诉最为常见（29.6%，95%置信区间=27.8 - 31.5%），其次是情感障碍（14.1%，95%置信区间=12.7 - 15.6%）和品行障碍（12.5%，95%置信区间=11.2 - 13.9%）。18.2%（95%置信区间=16.6 - 19.8%）的儿童存在一种或多种共病精神障碍。男性、居住在城市周边地区而非农村地区、在学校留级、父母离异或分居以及母亲有工作与所检查的大多数精神障碍患病可能性增加相关，而年龄增长与患病可能性降低相关。
我们观察到肯尼亚学童中精神障碍患病率较高。如果不及早发现，这些障碍可能会干扰儿童的心理、社会和教育发展。我们的研究结果凸显了在学校实施筛查措施的重要性，这些措施能够检测出单一和多种障碍，以改善下一代的心理健康和幸福感。
