Lupis Sarah B, Sabik Natalie J, Wolf Jutta M
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South St, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, 25 Independence Way, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
J Behav Med. 2016 Apr;39(2):262-75. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9695-5. Epub 2015 Nov 17.
Studies assessing the role of shame in HPA axis reactivity report mixed findings. Discrepancies may be due to methodological difficulties and inter-individual differences in the propensity to experience shame in a stressful situation. Hence, the current study combined self-report of shame and facial coding of shame expressions and assessed the role of body esteem as a moderator of the shame-stress link. For this, 44 healthy students (24F, age 20.5 ± 2.1 years) were exposed to an acute psychosocial stress paradigm (Trier Social Stress Test: TSST). Salivary cortisol levels were measured throughout the protocol. Trait shame was measured before the stress test, and state shame immediately afterwards. Video recordings of the TSST were coded to determine emotion expressions. State shame was neither associated with cortisol stress responses nor with body esteem (self-report: all ps ≥ .24; expression: all ps ≥ .31). In contrast, higher trait shame was associated with both negative body esteem (p = .049) and stronger cortisol stress responses (p = .013). Lastly, having lower body esteem predicted stronger cortisol stress responses (p = .022); however, it did not significantly moderate the association between shame indices and cortisol stress responses (all ps ≥ .94). These findings suggest that body esteem and trait shame independently contribute to strength of cortisol stress responses. Thus, in addition to trait shame, body esteem emerged as an important predictor of cortisol stress responses and as such, a potential contributor to stress-related negative health outcomes.
评估羞耻感在HPA轴反应性中作用的研究报告结果不一。差异可能归因于方法上的困难以及个体在压力情境中体验羞耻感倾向的差异。因此，本研究结合了羞耻感的自我报告和羞耻表情的面部编码，并评估了身体自尊作为羞耻感与压力联系的调节因素的作用。为此，44名健康学生（24名女性，年龄20.5±2.1岁）接受了急性心理社会压力范式（特里尔社会压力测试：TSST）。在整个测试过程中测量唾液皮质醇水平。在压力测试前测量特质羞耻感，之后立即测量状态羞耻感。对TSST的视频记录进行编码以确定情绪表达。状态羞耻感既与皮质醇应激反应无关，也与身体自尊无关（自我报告：所有p值≥0.24；表情：所有p值≥0.31）。相比之下，较高的特质羞耻感与负面身体自尊（p = 0.049）和较强的皮质醇应激反应（p = 0.013）均相关。最后，身体自尊较低预示着较强的皮质醇应激反应（p = 0.022）；然而，它并未显著调节羞耻感指标与皮质醇应激反应之间的关联（所有p值≥0.94）。这些发现表明，身体自尊和特质羞耻感独立地影响皮质醇应激反应的强度。因此，除了特质羞耻感之外，身体自尊也成为皮质醇应激反应的一个重要预测因素，因此可能是与压力相关的负面健康结果的一个潜在因素。
