Depa Julia, Hilzendegen Carolin, Tinnemann Peter, Stroebele-Benschop Nanette
Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Nutritional Psychology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Equity Health. 2015 Nov 24;14:141. doi: 10.1186/s12939-015-0276-6.
Even in high-income countries some population groups depend on food banks to support their food intake. We aimed to explore and compare health and nutritional status of food bank clients (Tafel e.V.) in different cities in Germany.
In a cross-sectional study, self-reported health and nutritional status of food bank clients living in three cities (Berlin - capital, Ludwigsburg- affluent city, Fulda - small town) which differ in size, available income and poverty rate, were assessed and compared to survey variables of the low socioeconomic status population of national surveys (DEGS and GEDA).
Across cities, food bank clients (N = 276, response rate of 21.5 %) did not differ in main socio-demographic characteristics (age, nationality, education, professional qualification, household income). Smoking, having at least one chronic illness, estimating their own health status as moderate to poor and low consumption of fruits and vegetables were common characteristics. Comparing selected variables with the low socioeconomic status population of DEGS and GEDA, differences were found for a higher prevalence of diabetes among food bank clients and a worse self-reported health status. Considerably lower fruit consumption and lower hypertension prevalence among female and lower overweight rates among male food bank clients were found.
Although people using food banks vary in socio-demographic background, no differences for main demographics across the cities were found. In addition, the study suggests that for some health- and nutrition-related variables, national surveys in Germany might underestimate socioeconomic differences.
即使在高收入国家，一些人群也依赖食品银行来维持食物摄入。我们旨在探究并比较德国不同城市中食品银行客户（德国食品银行协会）的健康和营养状况。
在一项横断面研究中，对居住在三个规模、可支配收入和贫困率不同的城市（柏林——首都、路德维希堡——富裕城市、富尔达——小镇）的食品银行客户的自我报告健康和营养状况进行评估，并与全国性调查（德国国民健康研究和德国成年人健康研究）中低社会经济地位人群的调查变量进行比较。
在各个城市中，食品银行客户（N = 276，回复率为21.5%）在主要社会人口统计学特征（年龄、国籍、教育程度、职业资格、家庭收入）方面没有差异。吸烟、患有至少一种慢性病、将自己的健康状况评估为中等至较差以及水果和蔬菜消费量低是常见特征。将选定变量与德国国民健康研究和德国成年人健康研究中低社会经济地位人群进行比较时，发现食品银行客户中糖尿病患病率较高且自我报告的健康状况较差。还发现女性食品银行客户的水果消费量显著较低、高血压患病率较低，男性食品银行客户的超重率较低。
尽管使用食品银行的人群社会人口背景各异，但在各个城市的主要人口统计学特征方面未发现差异。此外，该研究表明，对于一些与健康和营养相关的变量，德国的全国性调查可能低估了社会经济差异。
