Biocenter, Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
FEBS J. 2016 Feb;283(4):608-18. doi: 10.1111/febs.13609. Epub 2015 Dec 24.
The phylum Chlamydiae contains several members that are well-known human pathogens, like Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. Establishing a chronic bacterial infection requires the active evasion of the host immune response. A major arm of the innate immune defence is constituted by macrophages, which fight infections by removing bacteria and triggering an adaptive immune response. However, some pathogenic Chlamydia infect and survive in macrophages at least for a certain period of time. Therefore, macrophages can serve as vehicles for the dissemination of bacterial infections from the primary infection site via the urogenital or respiratory tract to distant sites in the body. The capacity to infect macrophages seems to depend on the chlamydial strain and the source of macrophages. In vitro infections of macrophages with C. trachomatis, C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae reveal low efficiency of infection and progeny formation, as well as failure to develop mature inclusions. In contrast, the emerging pathogen, Simkania negevensis, actively replicates in macrophages. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the intracellular and molecular key mechanisms of C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae and S. negevensis infections in human macrophages.
衣原体门包含几个众所周知的人类病原体，如沙眼衣原体和肺炎衣原体。建立慢性细菌感染需要宿主免疫反应的积极逃避。先天免疫防御的一个主要组成部分是巨噬细胞，它们通过清除细菌和触发适应性免疫反应来对抗感染。然而，一些致病性衣原体至少在一定时间内感染并存活在巨噬细胞中。因此，巨噬细胞可以作为细菌感染从原发感染部位通过泌尿生殖道或呼吸道传播到身体远处部位的载体。感染巨噬细胞的能力似乎取决于衣原体菌株和巨噬细胞的来源。体外感染巨噬细胞的沙眼衣原体、鹦鹉热衣原体和肺炎衣原体显示出低感染效率和后代形成，以及无法形成成熟包涵体。相比之下，新兴病原体嗜衣原体在巨噬细胞中积极复制。在这里，我们总结了沙眼衣原体、肺炎衣原体和嗜衣原体在人巨噬细胞中的细胞内和分子关键感染机制的最新知识。
