Azam Muhammad, Khan Abdul Qayyum, Bin Abdullah Hussin, Qureshi Muhammad Ejaz
School of Economics, Finance & Banking, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia.
Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Apr;23(7):6376-89. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5817-4. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
The main purpose of this work is to analyze the impact of environmental degradation proxied by CO2 emissions per capita along with some other explanatory variables namely energy use, trade, and human capital on economic growth in selected higher CO2 emissions economies namely China, the USA, India, and Japan. For empirical analysis, annual data over the period spanning between 1971 and 2013 are used. After using relevant and suitable tests for checking data properties, the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method is employed as an analytical technique for parameter estimation. The panel group FMOLS results reveal that almost all variables are statistically significant, whereby test rejects the null hypotheses of non cointegration, demonstrating that all variables play an important role in affecting the economic growth role across countries. Where two regressors namely CO2 emissions and energy use show significantly negative impacts on economic growth, for trade and human capital, they tend to show the significantly positive impact on economic growth. However, for the individual analysis across countries, the panel estimate suggests that CO2 emissions have a significant positive relationship with economic growth for China, Japan, and the USA, while it is found significantly negative in case of India. The empirical findings of the study suggest that appropriate and prudent policies are required in order to control pollution emerging from areas other than liquefied fuel consumption. The ultimate impact of shrinking pollution will help in supporting sustainable economic growth and maturation as well as largely improve society welfare.
这项工作的主要目的是分析以人均二氧化碳排放量为代表的环境退化，以及其他一些解释变量，即能源使用、贸易和人力资本，对选定的高二氧化碳排放经济体（即中国、美国、印度和日本）经济增长的影响。实证分析使用了1971年至2013年期间的年度数据。在使用相关且合适的检验来检查数据属性后，采用面板完全修正普通最小二乘法（FMOLS）作为参数估计的分析技术。面板组FMOLS结果显示，几乎所有变量在统计上都是显著的，由此检验拒绝了非协整的原假设，表明所有变量在影响各国经济增长方面都发挥着重要作用。其中，两个解释变量，即二氧化碳排放和能源使用，对经济增长显示出显著的负面影响，而贸易和人力资本对经济增长往往显示出显著的正面影响。然而，对于各国的个体分析，面板估计表明，二氧化碳排放与中国、日本和美国的经济增长呈显著正相关，而在印度则呈显著负相关。该研究的实证结果表明，需要制定适当且审慎的政策，以控制液化燃料消费以外地区产生的污染。减少污染的最终影响将有助于支持可持续经济增长和成熟，并在很大程度上提高社会福利。
