Ferri Paola, Guerra Eleonora, Marcheselli Luigi, Cunico Laura, Di Lorenzo Rosaria
Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Acta Biomed. 2015 Sep 9;86 Suppl 2:104-15.
Empathy is an essential element of good nursing care associated with increased patient satisfaction. Burnout represents chronic occupational stress which diminishes interest in work and reduces patient safety and satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between empathy and burnout in nursing students and nurses.
This cross-sectional research was conducted in a sample of 298 nurses and 115 nursing students. Socio-demographic and career information was collected. Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered. Data were statistically analysed.
63% of our sample answered questionnaires (54% of nurses and 84% of students). The BEES global mean score was slightly inferior to empathy cut-off of 32. In the student group, two BEES dimension scores were statistically significantly higher than nurses (p=0.011 and p=0.007 respectively, t-test). Empathy was negatively related to age (p=0.001, ANOVA). Emotional exhaustion (EE) scores of MBI reported statistically significantly lower levels for students (p<0.0001, t-test). EE was negatively related to BEES mean total score in students (r=-0.307, p<0.002) and nurses (r=-0.245, p<0.002), personal accomplishment of MBI presented positive correlation with BEES mean total scores in students (r=0.319, p<0.002) and nurses (r=0.266, p<0.001, Pearson's correlation). Female students showed superior empathy capacity in comparison to male students in all 5 dimensions of BEES (p<0.001), whereas females nurses in only one dimension (p<0.001).
Our data suggest empathy declines with age and career. High levels of empathy can be protective against burnout development, which, when presents, reduces empathy.
同理心是优质护理的重要元素，与患者满意度提高相关。职业倦怠代表慢性职业压力，会降低工作兴趣，减少患者安全与满意度。本研究旨在评估护理专业学生和护士的同理心与职业倦怠之间的相关性。
本横断面研究以298名护士和115名护理专业学生为样本。收集社会人口统计学和职业信息。使用平衡情绪同理心量表（BEES）和马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）。对数据进行统计学分析。
我们样本中的63%回答了问卷（护士为54%，学生为84%）。BEES全球平均得分略低于同理心临界值32。在学生组中，BEES的两个维度得分在统计学上显著高于护士（分别为p = 0.011和p = 0.007，t检验）。同理心与年龄呈负相关（p = 0.001，方差分析）。MBI的情绪耗竭（EE）得分显示，学生的得分在统计学上显著更低（p < 0.0001，t检验）。EE与学生（r = -0.307，p < 0.002）和护士（r = -0.245，p < 0.002）的BEES平均总分呈负相关，MBI的个人成就感与学生（r = 0.319，p < 0.002）和护士（r = 0.266，p < 0.001，皮尔逊相关性）的BEES平均总分呈正相关。在BEES的所有5个维度中，女生的同理心能力均优于男生（p < 0.001），而女护士仅在一个维度上优于男护士（p < 0.001）。
我们的数据表明，同理心会随着年龄和职业发展而下降。高水平的同理心可预防职业倦怠的发生，而职业倦怠一旦出现，则会降低同理心。
