Gutiérrez Waldo, Cerda Patricia, Plaza-Plaza José Cristian, Mieres Juan José, Paris Enrique, Ríos Juan Carlos
Rev Med Chil. 2015 Oct;143(10):1269-76. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872015001000009.
Pesticides are widely used to increase crop yields and vector control. However, both acute and chronic exposure have health consequences. There is paucity of information about the global occurrence of pesticide poisonings.
To characterize the reports of pesticide exposures received by a University Poison Information Center.
All pesticide exposures reported in Chile between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed. A data-collection sheet provided by the International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization, was used to collect information.
In the study period, 13,181 reports were analyzed. The main age groups exposed were preschoolers and adults. Sixty one percent of exposures occurred accidentally and 24.8% were suicide attempts. Exposures to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors was reported in 29.3% of cases, to superwarfarin rodenticides in 28.5% and to pyrethroids in 24.0%. An increased risk of suicide attempts with pesticides was observed among women, when compared with men (odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence intervals: 1.4-1.6; p < 0.001). The risk was higher among teenage girls.
The amount of cases under acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor exposure, the most toxic pesticides currently in use should be highlighted. Workers should be educated and all cases should be reported to take actions aiming at reducing these events.
农药被广泛用于提高作物产量和病媒控制。然而，急性和慢性接触都会对健康产生影响。关于全球农药中毒事件的信息匮乏。
描述一家大学中毒信息中心收到的农药接触报告情况。
分析了2006年至2013年智利报告的所有农药接触事件。使用世界卫生组织国际化学品安全方案提供的数据收集表收集信息。
在研究期间，共分析了13181份报告。主要接触人群为学龄前儿童和成年人。61%的接触事件为意外发生，24.8%为自杀未遂。29.3%的病例报告接触了乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，28.5%接触了超级华法林灭鼠剂，24.0%接触了拟除虫菊酯。与男性相比，女性使用农药自杀未遂的风险增加（优势比：1.5；95%置信区间：1.4 - 1.6；p < 0.001）。青少年女孩的风险更高。
应强调目前使用的毒性最大的农药——乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂接触病例的数量。应教育工人，并报告所有病例，以采取行动减少这些事件的发生。
