Zhang Suhua, Bian Yingnan, Li Li, Sun Kuan, Wang Zheng, Zhao Qi, Zha Lagabaiyila, Cai Jifeng, Gao Yuzhen, Ji Chaoneng, Li Chengtao
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, P.R. China, Shanghai 200063, P.R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 4;5:17711. doi: 10.1038/srep17711.
As a multi-ethnic country, China has some indigenous population groups which vary in culture and social customs, perhaps as a result of geographic isolation and different traditions. However, upon close interactions and intermarriage, admixture of different gene pools among these ethnic groups may occur. In order to gain more insight on the genetic background of X-Chromosome from these ethnic groups, a set of X-markers (18 X-STRs and 16 X-Indels) was genotyped in 5 main ethnic groups of China (HAN, HUI, Uygur, Mongolian, Tibetan). Twenty-three private alleles were detected in HAN, Uygur, Tibetan and Mongolian. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) were all observed for the 3 parameters of heterozygosity (Ho, He and UHe) among the 5 ethnic groups. Highest values of Nei genetic distance were always observed at HUI-Uygur pairwise when analyzed with X-STRs or X-Indels separately and combined. Phylogenetic tree and PCA analyses revealed a clear pattern of population differentiation of HUI and Uygur. However, the HAN, Tibetan and Mongolian ethnic groups were closely clustered. Eighteen X-Indels exhibited in general congruent phylogenetic signal and similar cluster among the 5 ethnic groups compared with 16 X-STRs. Aforementioned results proved the genetic polymorphism and potential of the 34 X-markers in the 5 ethnic groups.
作为一个多民族国家，中国有一些本土人群体，其文化和社会习俗各不相同，这可能是地理隔离和不同传统的结果。然而，经过密切互动和通婚，这些民族之间可能会出现不同基因库的混合。为了更深入了解这些民族X染色体的遗传背景，对中国5个主要民族（汉族、回族、维吾尔族、蒙古族、藏族）的一组X标记（18个X-STR和16个X-InDel）进行了基因分型。在汉族、维吾尔族、藏族和蒙古族中检测到23个私有等位基因。在这5个民族中，杂合度的3个参数（Ho、He和UHe）均观察到显著差异（p < 0.0001）。当分别和联合分析X-STR或X-InDel时，回族-维吾尔族两两之间的Nei遗传距离总是最高。系统发育树和主成分分析揭示了回族和维吾尔族明显的群体分化模式。然而，汉族、藏族和蒙古族群体紧密聚类。与16个X-STR相比，18个X-InDel在5个民族中总体上表现出一致的系统发育信号和相似的聚类。上述结果证明了这34个X标记在5个民族中的遗传多态性和潜力。
