Satheannoppakao Warapone, Kasemsup Rachada, Nontarak Jiraluck, Kessomboon Pattapong, Putwatana Panwadee, Taneepanichskul Surasak, Sangthong Rassamee, Chariyalertsak Suwat, Aekplakorn Wichai
J Med Assoc Thai. 2015 Oct;98(10):957-67.
Examine intakes of energy and macronutrients, and identify their food sources, in Thai preschool children.
Data from the Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES) IV were used. Mothers/caregivers were interviewed regarding their children's 24-hour-dietary intake. Dietary data were analyzed for energy and macronutrients, and their food sources were investigated. Due to skewed data, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare energy and macronutrient intake between sexes and age groups.
Among 256 preschool children, more than 90% had protein intakes higher than the recommended level. Only 12.7 to 29.0% met the recommended intake for energy. Amounts of carbohydrate and fat consumed varied from below to above the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation. Intakes of carbohydrate in boys and fat in girls were statistically different between age groups (p < 0.05). Fifty to 60% of energy came from dairy products, grains and starchy products. The major carbohydrate contributors were grains and starchy products. Dairy products were the main source of protein. Important food sources of fat were dairy products for one- to three-year-old children and fat and oils for four- to five-year-old children.
Thai preschool children have inappropriate intakes of energy and macronutrients. Dairy products and grains and/or starchy products were the main sources of energy, carbohydrate, and protein. Dietary fat sources varied by age group.
研究泰国学龄前儿童的能量和宏量营养素摄入量，并确定其食物来源。
使用泰国国家健康检查调查（NHES）IV的数据。对母亲/照顾者进行访谈，了解其孩子24小时的饮食摄入量。分析饮食数据中的能量和宏量营养素，并调查其食物来源。由于数据呈偏态分布，采用曼-惠特尼U检验比较不同性别和年龄组之间的能量和宏量营养素摄入量。
在256名学龄前儿童中，超过90%的儿童蛋白质摄入量高于推荐水平。只有12.7%至29.0%的儿童达到了能量推荐摄入量。碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入量在膳食参考摄入量（DRI）推荐值以下至以上之间波动。男孩的碳水化合物摄入量和女孩的脂肪摄入量在不同年龄组之间存在统计学差异（p < 0.05）。能量的50%至60%来自乳制品、谷物和淀粉类产品。主要的碳水化合物来源是谷物和淀粉类产品。乳制品是蛋白质的主要来源。脂肪的重要食物来源，对于1至3岁儿童是乳制品，对于4至5岁儿童是脂肪和油类。
泰国学龄前儿童的能量和宏量营养素摄入量不合适。乳制品以及谷物和/或淀粉类产品是能量、碳水化合物和蛋白质的主要来源。膳食脂肪来源因年龄组而异。
