Aremu Bukola R, Babalola Olubukola O
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University , Mmabatho, South Africa.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University , Mmabatho, South Africa ; Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University , Mmabatho, South Africa.
Front Microbiol. 2015 Nov 27;6:1361. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01361. eCollection 2015.
Macergens are bacteria capable of releasing pectic enzymes (pectolytic bacteria). These enzymatic actions result in the separation of plant tissues leading to total plant destruction. This can be attributed to soft rot diseases in vegetables. These macergens primarily belong to the genus Erwinia and to a range of opportunistic pathogens namely: the Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp., Cytophaga spp., and Bacillus spp. They consist of taxa that displayed considerable heterogeneity and intermingled with members of other genera belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. They have been classified based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic which obviously not necessary in the taxonomy of all bacterial genera for defining bacterial species and describing new ones These taxonomic markers have been used traditionally as a simple technique for identification of bacterial isolates. The most important fields of taxonomy are supposed to be based on clear, reliable and worldwide applicable criteria. Hence, this review clarifies the taxonomy of the macergens to the species level and revealed that their taxonomy is beyond complete. For discovery of additional species, further research with the use modern molecular methods like phylogenomics need to be done. This can precisely define classification of macergens resulting in occasional, but significant changes in previous taxonomic schemes of these macergens.
软腐病菌是能够释放果胶酶的细菌（果胶分解细菌）。这些酶促作用导致植物组织分离，最终致使整株植物死亡。这可归因于蔬菜的软腐病。这些软腐病菌主要属于欧文氏菌属以及一系列机会致病菌，即：黄单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、梭菌属、噬纤维菌属和芽孢杆菌属。它们由表现出相当大异质性的分类群组成，并与肠杆菌科其他属的成员相互混杂。它们已根据表型、化学分类学和基因型进行了分类，显然这在所有细菌属的分类学中对于定义细菌物种和描述新物种并非必要。这些分类标记传统上一直被用作鉴定细菌分离株的一种简单技术。分类学最重要的领域应该基于清晰、可靠且全球适用的标准。因此，本综述将软腐病菌的分类细化到物种水平，并表明它们的分类并不完整。为了发现更多物种，需要使用系统发育基因组学等现代分子方法进行进一步研究。这可以精确地定义软腐病菌的分类，从而偶尔但显著地改变这些软腐病菌以前的分类方案。
