流感疫苗接种：黎巴嫩成年人群知识、态度与行为的横断面调查
Influenza Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the Lebanese Adult Population.
作者信息
El Khoury Ghada, Salameh Pascale
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, PO Box: 36-Byblos, Lebanon.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Dec 5;12(12):15486-97. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121215000.
BACKGROUND
Influenza is a common preventable infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent influenza, yet the vaccine uptake is known to be low. No previous studies have assessed the rate of seasonal influenza vaccination use among the Lebanese population, nor examined the knowledge and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was performed in 30 pharmacies randomly selected across Lebanon. A 19-item questionnaire was used to record influenza vaccination status, knowledge and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine among the Lebanese general population.
RESULTS
The survey response rate was 93%. Among the 640 study participants, the overall 2014-2015 seasonal influenza vaccination rate was 27.6%. The majority of participants (72.4%) reported irregular uptake of the vaccine. Results of the multivariate analysis revealed that elderly people (OR = 2.25, CI = 1.08-4.71), with higher education (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.09-1.84), higher physical activity (OR significantly higher than 1 for all categories), and chronic respiratory disease (OR = 3.24, CI = 1.58-6.62) were more regularly vaccinated, while those who visit the doctor "only when needed" (OR = 0.55, CI = 0.34-0.88) and those who consume more than seven drinks/week (OR = 0.24, CI = 0.09-0.65) were less regularly vaccinated. When introducing knowledge and attitude variables to the model, "thinking that the vaccine was not needed" was the only correlate that demonstrated a significant inverse association with regular influenza vaccination (OR = 0.15; p = 0.017).
CONCLUSIONS
Suboptimal vaccination rates exist among the Lebanese ambulatory adult population. Clear misinformation on the importance of regular influenza immunization is also highlighted. This evidence underscores a compelling need to raise public awareness regarding the efficacy of the influenza vaccine.
背景
流感是一种常见的可预防的传染病，与高死亡率和高发病率相关。接种疫苗是预防流感最具成本效益的措施，但已知疫苗接种率较低。此前尚无研究评估黎巴嫩人群中季节性流感疫苗的使用情况，也未考察对流感疫苗的知识和态度。
方法
在黎巴嫩随机选取30家药店进行横断面调查。采用一份包含19个条目的问卷记录黎巴嫩普通人群的流感疫苗接种状况、对流感疫苗的知识和态度。
结果
调查回复率为93%。在640名研究参与者中，2014 - 2015年季节性流感疫苗总体接种率为27.6%。大多数参与者（72.4%）报告疫苗接种不规律。多变量分析结果显示，老年人（比值比[OR]=2.25，置信区间[CI]=1.08 - 4.71）、受过高等教育者（OR = 1.42，CI = 1.09 - 1.84）、身体活动较多者（所有类别OR均显著高于1）以及患有慢性呼吸道疾病者（OR = 3.24，CI = 1.58 - 6.62）接种疫苗更为规律，而那些“仅在需要时”看医生者（OR = 0.55，CI = 0.34 - 0.88）以及每周饮酒超过7杯者（OR = 0.24，CI = 0.09 - 0.65）接种疫苗则不太规律。当将知识和态度变量引入模型时，“认为不需要疫苗”是唯一与规律接种流感疫苗呈显著负相关的因素（OR = 0.15；p = 0.017）。
结论
黎巴嫩非卧床成年人群的疫苗接种率不理想。同时也凸显出关于定期流感免疫重要性的明显错误信息。这一证据强调迫切需要提高公众对流感疫苗效力的认识。
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