Frenkel Erica Shapiro, Ribbeck Katharina
Biological Sciences in Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
J Oral Microbiol. 2015 Dec 22;7:29759. doi: 10.3402/jom.v7.29759. eCollection 2015.
Mucus forms a protective coating on wet epithelial surfaces throughout the body that houses the microbiota and plays a key role in host defense. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus that creates its viscoelastic properties, are critical components of the gel layer that protect against invading pathogens. Altered mucin production has been implicated in diseases such as ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, which highlights the importance of mucins in maintaining homeostasis. Different types of mucins exist throughout the body in various locations such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and female genital tract, but this review will focus on mucins in the oral cavity. Salivary mucin structure, localization within the oral cavity, and defense mechanisms will be discussed. These concepts will then be applied to present what is known about the protective function of mucins in oral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, oral candidiasis, and dental caries.
黏液在全身湿润的上皮表面形成一层保护涂层，其中寄居着微生物群，并在宿主防御中发挥关键作用。黏蛋白是赋予黏液黏弹性的主要结构成分，是凝胶层的关键组成部分，可抵御入侵病原体。黏蛋白生成改变与溃疡性结肠炎、哮喘和囊性纤维化等疾病有关，这凸显了黏蛋白在维持体内平衡中的重要性。不同类型的黏蛋白存在于全身各处，如胃肠道、肺部和女性生殖道等不同部位，但本综述将聚焦于口腔中的黏蛋白。将讨论唾液黏蛋白的结构、在口腔中的定位及其防御机制。然后，这些概念将被用于阐述黏蛋白在诸如艾滋病毒/艾滋病、口腔念珠菌病和龋齿等口腔疾病中的保护作用。
