Kröll Josef, Spörri Jörg, Gilgien Matthias, Schwameder Hermann, Müller Erich
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):26-31. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095463.
Kinetic energy (Ekin) increases with speed by the power of 2 and is considered a major risk factor for injuries in alpine ski racing. There is no empirical knowledge about the effect of ski geometry on Ekin. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sidecut radius on the progress of Ekin while skiing through a multigate section in giant slalom (GS).
5 European-Cup level athletes skied on three different pairs of GS skis varying in sidecut radii (30, 35 and 40 m). Each athlete's position over time within a six gate section (including flat and steep terrain) was captured by the use of a differential Global Navigational Satellite System. Ekin, speed, time and path length were analysed for each pair of skis used.
When using skis with greater sidecut radius, average Ekin was significantly lower over the entire six gate section, but not locally at every turn cycle. Particular decreases of Ekin were observed for both turns on the flat terrain, as well as for the turn at the terrain transition and the first turn on the steep terrain. The observed decreases in Ekin were found to be primarily explainable by increases in turn time.
With respect to typical sport mechanisms that cause severe knee injuries, using skis with greater sidecut radius potentially provides additional injury preventative gain, particularly in specific areas within a run. However, this injury preventative gain during falls in GS should not be overestimated.
动能（Ekin）随速度的平方增加，被认为是高山滑雪比赛中受伤的主要风险因素。关于滑雪板几何形状对Ekin的影响尚无实证知识。因此，本研究的目的是调查侧切半径对在大回转（GS）比赛中通过多门赛段时Ekin变化的影响。
5名欧洲杯水平的运动员使用三双侧切半径不同（30米、35米和40米）的不同GS滑雪板进行滑行。使用差分全球导航卫星系统记录每位运动员在六门赛段（包括平坦和陡峭地形）内随时间的位置。分析了每双使用的滑雪板的Ekin、速度、时间和路径长度。
使用侧切半径更大的滑雪板时，在整个六门赛段的平均Ekin显著更低，但在每个转弯周期并非局部都如此。在平坦地形的两个转弯处，以及地形过渡处的转弯和陡峭地形上的第一个转弯处，均观察到Ekin有特别的下降。观察到的Ekin下降主要可通过转弯时间的增加来解释。
对于导致严重膝盖损伤的典型运动机制而言，使用侧切半径更大的滑雪板可能会带来额外的预防损伤效果，特别是在滑行过程中的特定区域。然而，在GS比赛摔倒时这种预防损伤的效果不应被高估。
