Hollis D G, Weaver R E, Steigerwalt A G, Wenger J D, Moss C W, Brenner D J
Special Bacterial Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Jul;27(7):1601-8. doi: 10.1128/jcm.27.7.1601-1608.1989.
Over a 12-year period, 16 human strains of a gram-negative, catalase-positive, halophilic, aerobic, nonmotile, small coccoid bacterium were received for identification. On the bases of biochemical characteristics and cellular fatty acid profiles, 14 of these strains were similar to the "Philomiragia" bacterium (Yersinia philomiragia, species incertae sedis). Additional characteristics were growth on Thayer-Martin agar but no growth or sparse, delayed growth on MacConkey agar; oxidase positive; acid production, often weak and delayed, from D-glucose, sucrose, and maltose; urease negative; no reduction of nitrates; and H2S produced but often delayed in triple sugar iron agar. Both the human isolates and the "Philomiragia" bacterium contained C10:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:1 omega 9c, C18:0, 3-OH C18:0, C22:0, and C24:1 as major cellular fatty acids and ubiquinone eight (Q8) as the major isoprenoid quinone. These cellular acids in these relative amounts have been found previously only in Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida, suggesting a relationship between the "Philomiragia" bacterium and Francisella species. Of the 14 human "Philomiragia"-like isolates, 9 were from blood, 3 were from lung biopsies or pleural fluid, and one each was from peritoneal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid. DNA relatedness studies (hydroxyapatite method, 50 and 65 degrees C) showed that these 14 strains were a single group that was the same species as the "Philomiragia" bacterium. Two other human strains were oxidase negative and H2S negative. They formed a single DNA relatedness group that was indistinguishable from the type strains of both F. tularensis and F. novicida. DNA relatedness of "Philomiragia" bacterium type and other strains to strains of F. novicida and F. tularensis, including the type strains, was 35 to 46%. One of the two F. novicida- and F. tularensis-like strains was isolated from blood, and the other was isolated from a cervical lymph node. On the basis of these findings, we propose transferring Y. philomiragia from the genus Yersinia to the genus Francisella as Francisella philomiragia comb. nov. Having confirmed that F novicida and F. tularensis are the same species and having shown that F. novicida is pathogenic for humans, we further propose eliminating the species F. novicida and demoting it to a biogroup of F. tularensis.
在12年的时间里，共收到16株革兰氏阴性、过氧化氢酶阳性、嗜盐、需氧、无动力、小型球状细菌的人类菌株进行鉴定。根据生化特征和细胞脂肪酸谱，其中14株菌株与“嗜肺耶尔森菌属”细菌（嗜肺耶尔森菌，分类地位不确定）相似。其他特征包括在Thayer-Martin琼脂上生长，但在MacConkey琼脂上不生长或生长稀疏、延迟；氧化酶阳性；从D-葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖产酸，通常较弱且延迟；脲酶阴性；不还原硝酸盐；在三糖铁琼脂中产H2S，但通常延迟。人类分离株和“嗜肺耶尔森菌属”细菌均含有C10:0、C14:0、C16:0、C18:1 ω9c、C18:0、3-OH C18:0、C22:0和C24:1作为主要细胞脂肪酸，以及泛醌八（Q8）作为主要类异戊二烯醌。这些相对含量的细胞酸以前仅在土拉弗朗西斯菌和新凶手弗朗西斯菌中发现，提示“嗜肺耶尔森菌属”细菌与弗朗西斯菌属之间存在关系。在14株类似“嗜肺耶尔森菌属”的人类分离株中，9株来自血液，3株来自肺活检组织或胸腔积液，1株来自腹腔积液和脑脊液。DNA相关性研究（羟基磷灰石法，50和65℃）表明，这14株菌株是一个单一组，与“嗜肺耶尔森菌属”细菌为同一物种。另外两株人类菌株氧化酶阴性且H2S阴性。它们形成了一个单一的DNA相关性组，与土拉弗朗西斯菌和新凶手弗朗西斯菌的模式菌株无法区分。“嗜肺耶尔森菌属”细菌模式菌株和其他菌株与新凶手弗朗西斯菌和土拉弗朗西斯菌菌株（包括模式菌株）的DNA相关性为35%至46%。两株类似新凶手弗朗西斯菌和土拉弗朗西斯菌的菌株中，一株从血液中分离，另一株从颈部淋巴结中分离。基于这些发现，我们建议将嗜肺耶尔森菌从耶尔森菌属转移至弗朗西斯菌属，命名为嗜肺弗朗西斯菌，新组合。在确认新凶手弗朗西斯菌和土拉弗朗西斯菌为同一物种，并表明新凶手弗朗西斯菌对人类致病后，我们进一步建议取消新凶手弗朗西斯菌这一物种，将其降为土拉弗朗西斯菌的一个生物群。
