Nyamathi A
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 1989 Aug;3(4):65-76. doi: 10.1097/00005082-198908000-00009.
Heart disease related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) encompasses a number of pathologic findings that may or may not be associated with specific cardiac signs and symptoms. A review of 30 reports revealed that cardiac disorders were apparent in 424 (74%) of 574 AIDS patients. Neoplasms and opportunistic infections each were reported in 46 (8%) patients. The area of the heart most commonly affected was the myocardium. Pericardial disease as a single disorder was apparent in 14 patients, the etiologic bases of which were Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cryptococcus neoformans infection, and unspecified fibrinous pericarditis. Endocardial disease was histologically evident in 18 patients with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, and one patient was found to have Nocardia asteroides endocarditis. Although cardiac symptoms (dyspnea and chest pains); signs (pulsus paradoxus and murmurs); or ECG, roentgenogram, or echocardiographic manifestations of AIDS may be significant, they are not generally helpful in establishing a clinical diagnosis. Echocardiograms and a heightened degree of clinical suspicion have proven useful in detecting cardiac dysfunction and life-threatening cardiac tamponade.
与获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）相关的心脏病包含许多病理表现，这些表现可能与特定的心脏体征和症状有关，也可能无关。对30份报告的回顾显示，在574例艾滋病患者中，有424例（74%）出现了心脏疾病。肿瘤和机会性感染在46例（8%）患者中均有报告。心脏最常受影响的部位是心肌。心包疾病作为单一病症在14例患者中较为明显，其病因包括结核分枝杆菌、新型隐球菌感染以及未明确的纤维素性心包炎。心内膜疾病在18例非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎患者中经组织学检查明显可见，1例患者被发现患有星形诺卡菌心内膜炎。尽管艾滋病的心脏症状（呼吸困难和胸痛）、体征（奇脉和杂音）或心电图、X线胸片或超声心动图表现可能较为显著，但它们通常对临床诊断并无帮助。超声心动图检查以及更高程度的临床怀疑已被证明在检测心脏功能障碍和危及生命的心脏压塞方面很有用。
