Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Leray E, Heydarpour P, Torres-Jardón R, Reis J
The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 04850, Mexico.
EHESP Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2016 Jan;172(1):69-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.008. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
Air pollution (indoors and outdoors) is a major issue in public health as epidemiological studies have highlighted its numerous detrimental health consequences (notably, respiratory and cardiovascular pathological conditions). Over the past 15 years, air pollution has also been considered a potent environmental risk factor for neurological diseases and neuropathology. This review examines the impact of air pollution on children's brain development and the clinical, cognitive, brain structural and metabolic consequences. Long-term potential consequences for adults' brains and the effects on multiple sclerosis (MS) are also discussed. One challenge is to assess the effects of lifetime exposures to outdoor and indoor environmental pollutants, including occupational exposures: how much, for how long and what type. Diffuse neuroinflammation, damage to the neurovascular unit, and the production of autoantibodies to neural and tight-junction proteins are worrisome findings in children chronically exposed to concentrations above the current standards for ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and may constitute significant risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease later in life. Finally, data supporting the role of air pollution as a risk factor for MS are reviewed, focusing on the effects of PM10 and nitrogen oxides.
空气污染（室内和室外）是公共卫生领域的一个主要问题，因为流行病学研究已经强调了其对健康的众多有害影响（尤其是呼吸和心血管疾病）。在过去15年里，空气污染也被认为是导致神经疾病和神经病理学的一个强大环境风险因素。本综述探讨了空气污染对儿童大脑发育的影响以及临床、认知、脑结构和代谢后果。还讨论了对成人大脑的长期潜在后果以及对多发性硬化症（MS）的影响。一个挑战是评估终生暴露于室外和室内环境污染物（包括职业暴露）的影响：暴露量、暴露时间和污染物类型。在长期暴露于高于当前臭氧和细颗粒物（PM2.5）标准浓度的儿童中，弥漫性神经炎症、神经血管单元损伤以及针对神经和紧密连接蛋白产生自身抗体是令人担忧的发现，并且可能构成日后患阿尔茨海默病的重要风险因素。最后，对支持空气污染作为MS风险因素作用的数据进行了综述，重点关注PM10和氮氧化物的影响。
