Wołejko Elżbieta, Łozowicka Bożena, Kaczyński Piotr, Jankowska Magdalena, Piekut Jolanta
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Str. 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Chełmońskiego Str. 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2016 Jan;188(1):64. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-5022-4. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of strobilurin and carbocyamides commonly used in chemical protection of lettuce depending on carefully selected effective microorganisms (EM) and yeast (Y). Additionally, the assessment of the chronic health risk during a 2-week experiment was performed. The statistical method for correlation of physico-chemical parameters and time of degradation for pesticides was applied. In this study, the concentration of azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and iprodione using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the matrix of lettuce plants was performed, and there was no case of concentration above maximum residues levels. Before harvest, four fungicides and their mixture with EM (1 % and 10 %) and/or yeast 5 % were applied. In our work, the mixtures of 1%EM + Y and 10%EM + Y both stimulated and inhibited the degradation of the tested active substances. Adding 10%EM to the test substances strongly inhibited the degradation of iprodione, and its concentration decreased by 30 %, and in the case of other test substances, the degradation was approximately 60 %. Moreover, the addition of yeast stimulated the distribution of pyraclostrobin and boscalid in lettuce leaves. The risk assessment for the pesticides ranged from 0.4 to 64.8 % on day 1, but after 14 days, it ranged from 0.0 to 20.9 % for children and adults, respectively. It indicated no risk of adverse effects following exposure to individual pesticides and their mixtures with EM and yeast.
本研究的目的是根据精心挑选的有效微生物（EM）和酵母（Y），确定生菜化学防护中常用的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和环酰胺类药剂的性能。此外，还进行了为期2周的慢性健康风险评估。采用了物理化学参数与农药降解时间相关性的统计方法。在本研究中，使用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS/MS）测定了生菜植株基质中嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、吡唑醚菌酯和异菌脲的浓度，未出现浓度高于最大残留限量的情况。在收获前，施用了四种杀菌剂及其与1%和10%的EM和/或5%的酵母的混合物。在我们的研究中，1%EM+Y和10%EM+Y的混合物既刺激又抑制了受试活性物质的降解。向受试物质中添加10%的EM强烈抑制了异菌脲的降解，其浓度下降了30%，而对于其他受试物质，降解率约为60%。此外，添加酵母促进了吡唑醚菌酯和啶酰菌胺在生菜叶片中的分布。第1天农药的风险评估范围为0.4%至64.8%，但14天后，儿童和成人的风险评估范围分别为0.0%至20.9%。这表明接触单一农药及其与EM和酵母的混合物后不存在不良影响风险。
