Krysta Krzysztof, Bratek Agnieszka, Zawada Karolina, Stepańczak Radosław
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 60-635, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 14, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Feb;124(Suppl 1):187-201. doi: 10.1007/s00702-015-1501-6. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can negatively affect the patient's physical and psychological functioning, as well as their quality of life. A major consequence of OSA is impaired cognitive functioning. Indeed, several studies have shown that OSA mainly leads to deficits in executive functions, attention, and memory. As OSA can present in all age groups, these associated cognitive deficits have been observed in adults, as well as in children and adolescents. However, these cognitive deficits may have a different clinical picture in young patients compared to adults. In this review, we analyze the most affected cognitive domains in adults and children/adolescents with OSA, as evaluated by neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies. We found that deficits in working memory, attention, or executive functions cognitive domains are found in both adults and children with OSA. However, children with OSA also show changes in behavior and phonological processing necessary for proper development. Moreover, we examine the possible OSA treatments in children and adults that can have a positive influence on cognition, and therefore, improve patients' general functioning and quality of life.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）会对患者的身体和心理功能以及生活质量产生负面影响。OSA的一个主要后果是认知功能受损。事实上，多项研究表明，OSA主要导致执行功能、注意力和记忆力方面的缺陷。由于OSA可出现在所有年龄组，这些相关的认知缺陷在成年人以及儿童和青少年中均有观察到。然而，与成年人相比，这些认知缺陷在年轻患者中可能呈现出不同的临床表现。在本综述中，我们分析了通过神经心理学和神经影像学研究评估的患有OSA的成年人及儿童/青少年中受影响最大的认知领域。我们发现，患有OSA的成年人和儿童在工作记忆、注意力或执行功能认知领域均存在缺陷。然而，患有OSA的儿童在行为和语音处理方面也出现了正常发育所需的变化。此外，我们研究了儿童和成年人中可能对认知有积极影响、从而改善患者总体功能和生活质量的OSA治疗方法。
