Chisnoiu Andrea Maria, Picos Alina Monica, Popa Sever, Chisnoiu Petre Daniel, Lascu Liana, Picos Andrei, Chisnoiu Radu
Department of Prosthodontics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alba Iulia Emergency Regional Hospital, Romania.
Clujul Med. 2015;88(4):473-8. doi: 10.15386/cjmed-485. Epub 2015 Nov 15.
This review aims at presenting a current view on the most frequent factors involved in the mechanisms causing temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
We conducted a critical review of the literature for the period January 2000 to December 2014 to identify factors related to TMD development and persistence.
The etiology of TMD is multidimensional: biomechanical, neuromuscular, bio-psychosocial and biological factors may contribute to the disorder. Occlusal overloading and parafunctions (bruxism) are frequently involved as biomechanical factors; increased levels of estrogen hormones are considered biological factors affecting the temporo-mandibular-joint. Among bio-psychosocial factors, stress, anxiety or depression, were frequently encountered.
The etiopathogenesis of this condition is poorly understood, therefore TMDs are difficult to diagnose and manage. Early and correct identification of the possible etiologic factors will enable the appropriate treatment scheme application in order to reduce or eliminate TMDs debilitating signs and symptoms.
本综述旨在呈现当前关于导致颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）机制中最常见因素的观点。
我们对2000年1月至2014年12月期间的文献进行了批判性综述，以确定与TMD发生和持续相关的因素。
TMD的病因是多维度的：生物力学、神经肌肉、生物心理社会和生物学因素都可能导致该疾病。咬合过载和副功能（磨牙症）作为生物力学因素经常涉及；雌激素水平升高被认为是影响颞下颌关节的生物学因素。在生物心理社会因素中，压力、焦虑或抑郁经常出现。
这种疾病的发病机制尚不清楚，因此TMD难以诊断和管理。尽早并正确识别可能的病因将有助于应用适当的治疗方案，以减轻或消除TMD使人衰弱的体征和症状。
