Bianchini Luiz F, Arruda Maria F C, Vieira Sergio R, Campelo Patrícia M S, Grégio Ana M T, Rosa Edvaldo A R
Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Health and Biosciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Curitiba, Brazil.
Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health and Biosciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Curitiba, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2015 Dec 24;6:1433. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01433. eCollection 2015.
Antifungal drugs belong to few chemical groups and such low diversity limits the therapeutic choices. The urgent need of innovative options has pushed researchers to search new bioactive molecules. Literature regarding the last 15 years reveals that different research groups have used different approaches to achieve such goal. However, the discovery of molecules with different mechanisms of action still demands considerable time and efforts. This review was conceived to present how Pharmaceutical Biotechnology might contribute to the discovery of molecules with antifungal properties by microbial biotransformation procedures. Authors present some aspects of (1) microbial biotransformation of herbal medicines and food; (2) possibility of major and minor molecular amendments in existing molecules by biocatalysis; (3) methodological improvements in processes involving whole cells and immobilized enzymes; (4) potential of endophytic fungi to produce antimicrobials by bioconversions; and (5) in silico research driving to the improvement of molecules. All these issues belong to a new conception of transformation procedures, so-called "green chemistry," which aims the highest possible efficiency with reduced production of waste and the smallest environmental impact.
抗真菌药物所属的化学类别较少，这种低多样性限制了治疗选择。对创新药物的迫切需求促使研究人员寻找新的生物活性分子。过去15年的文献表明，不同的研究团队采用了不同的方法来实现这一目标。然而，发现具有不同作用机制的分子仍然需要大量的时间和精力。本综述旨在介绍药物生物技术如何通过微生物生物转化程序促进具有抗真菌特性分子的发现。作者介绍了以下几个方面：（1）草药和食物的微生物生物转化；（2）通过生物催化对现有分子进行主要和次要分子修饰的可能性；（3）涉及全细胞和固定化酶的过程中的方法改进；（4）内生真菌通过生物转化产生抗菌剂的潜力；（5）推动分子改进的计算机模拟研究。所有这些问题都属于转化程序的新概念，即所谓的“绿色化学”，其目标是实现尽可能高的效率，同时减少废物产生和对环境的最小影响。
