Pinaud Silvain, Portela Julien, Duval David, Nowacki Fanny C, Olive Marie-Aude, Allienne Jean-François, Galinier Richard, Dheilly Nolwenn M, Kieffer-Jaquinod Sylvie, Mitta Guillaume, Théron André, Gourbal Benjamin
University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth Ceredigion, United Kingdom.
PLoS Pathog. 2016 Jan 6;12(1):e1005361. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005361. eCollection 2016 Jan.
Discoveries made over the past ten years have provided evidence that invertebrate antiparasitic responses may be primed in a sustainable manner, leading to the failure of a secondary encounter with the same pathogen. This phenomenon called "immune priming" or "innate immune memory" was mainly phenomenological. The demonstration of this process remains to be obtained and the underlying mechanisms remain to be discovered and exhaustively tested with rigorous functional and molecular methods, to eliminate all alternative explanations. In order to achieve this ambitious aim, the present study focuses on the Lophotrochozoan snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, in which innate immune memory was recently reported. We provide herein the first evidence that a shift from a cellular immune response (encapsulation) to a humoral immune response (biomphalysin) occurs during the development of innate memory. The molecular characterisation of this process in Biomphalaria/Schistosoma system was undertaken to reconcile mechanisms with phenomena, opening the way to a better comprehension of innate immune memory in invertebrates. This prompted us to revisit the artificial dichotomy between innate and memory immunity in invertebrate systems.
过去十年间的研究发现表明，无脊椎动物的抗寄生虫反应可能会以一种可持续的方式被激发，从而导致再次接触相同病原体时出现免疫失败。这种被称为“免疫激发”或“先天免疫记忆”的现象主要是基于现象学的。这一过程的论证仍有待完成，其潜在机制也有待通过严格的功能和分子方法去发现并进行详尽测试，以排除所有其他可能的解释。为实现这一宏伟目标，本研究聚焦于冠轮动物门的蜗牛——光滑双脐螺，近期有研究报道该物种存在先天免疫记忆。我们在此首次证明，在先天免疫记忆的形成过程中，会发生从细胞免疫反应（包囊化）到体液免疫反应（双脐螺溶菌素）的转变。我们对光滑双脐螺/血吸虫系统中这一过程进行了分子特征分析，旨在将机制与现象相统一，为更好地理解无脊椎动物的先天免疫记忆开辟道路。这促使我们重新审视无脊椎动物系统中先天免疫和记忆免疫之间的人为二分法。
