A gap junction-based cardiac electromechanics model.

Action potential propagation in cardiac tissue is mainly governed by highly resistive gap junctions, which causes the tissue to behave as a network of active cell nodes interconnected by resistors. This property causes the action potential propagation to be less dependent on the level of mechanical deformation. This study proposes that the electrical conductivity in cardiac electromechanical simulations should be held fixed relative to the material frame, reproducing the dominant effect of intercellular gap junctions on the tissue electrical resistance instead of the more commonly employed spatial frame. Our simulations showed that the implementation of gap junction-based conductivity resulted in similar activation times at given material point, irrespective of the level of deformation. In contrast, the activation time of a given material point using spatial-based conductivity was dependent on the deformation experienced by the tissue. These findings have implication on more complex electromechanical simulations such as spiral wave since gap junction-based conductivity is independent of contraction, in contrast to spatial-based conductivity. Therefore, selection of the appropriate electrical conductivity assumption is highly crucial in electromechanics models of cardiac tissue.