Helms Gunther
Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Barngatan 2B, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
MAGMA. 2016 Apr;29(2):111-24. doi: 10.1007/s10334-015-0518-z. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Segmentation of human brain using structural MRI is a key step of processing in imaging neuroscience. The methods have undergone a rapid development in the past two decades and are now widely available. This non-technical review aims at providing an overview and basic understanding of the most common software. Starting with the basis of structural MRI contrast in brain and imaging protocols, the concepts of voxel-based and surface-based segmentation are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the typical contrast features and morphological constraints of cortical and sub-cortical grey matter. In addition to the use for voxel-based morphometry, basic applications in quantitative MRI, cortical thickness estimations, and atrophy measurements as well as assignment of cortical regions and deep brain nuclei are briefly discussed. Finally, some fields for clinical applications are given.
利用结构磁共振成像（MRI）对人类大脑进行分割是成像神经科学处理过程中的关键步骤。在过去二十年中，这些方法经历了快速发展，如今已广泛应用。本非技术性综述旨在提供对最常用软件的概述和基本理解。从大脑结构MRI对比度的基础和成像协议开始，讨论了基于体素和基于表面的分割概念。特别强调了皮质和皮质下灰质的典型对比度特征和形态学约束。除了用于基于体素的形态测量外，还简要讨论了定量MRI、皮质厚度估计、萎缩测量以及皮质区域和深部脑核的分配等基本应用。最后，给出了一些临床应用领域。
