Burnstock Geoffrey
Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Purinergic Signal. 2016 Mar;12(1):59-67. doi: 10.1007/s11302-015-9493-0. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Neuroinflammation limits tissue damage in response to pathogens or injury and promotes repair. There are two stages of inflammation, initiation and resolution. P2X receptors are gaining attention in relation to immunology and inflammation. The P2X7 receptor in particular appears to be an essential immunomodulatory receptor, although P2X1 and P2X4 receptors also appear to be involved. ATP released from damaged or infected cells causes inflammation by release of inflammatory cytokines via P2X7 receptors and acts as a danger signal by occupying upregulated P2X receptors on immune cells to increase immune responses. The purinergic involvement in inflammation is being explored for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
神经炎症可限制机体对病原体或损伤的组织损伤，并促进修复。炎症有起始和消退两个阶段。P2X受体在免疫学和炎症方面正受到越来越多的关注。特别是P2X7受体似乎是一种重要的免疫调节受体，尽管P2X1和P2X4受体似乎也参与其中。受损或感染细胞释放的ATP通过P2X7受体释放炎性细胞因子来引发炎症，并通过占据免疫细胞上上调的P2X受体作为危险信号来增强免疫反应。目前正在探索嘌呤能在炎症中的作用，以开发新的治疗策略。
