de Ruiter Henri, Macdiarmid Jennie I, Matthews Robin B, Kastner Thomas, Smith Pete
Information and Computing Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
Public Health Nutrition Research Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
J R Soc Interface. 2016 Jan;13(114):20151001. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2015.1001.
Producing sufficient, healthy food for a growing world population amid a changing climate is a major challenge for the twenty-first century. Agricultural trade could help alleviate this challenge by using comparative productivity advantages between countries. However, agricultural trade has implications for national food security and could displace environmental impacts from developed to developing countries. This study illustrates the global effects resulting from the agricultural trade of a single country, by analysing the global cropland and greenhouse gas impacts of the UK's food and feed supply. The global cropland footprint associated with the UK food and feed supply increased by 2022 kha (+23%) from 1986 to 2009. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) associated with fertilizer and manure application, and rice cultivation remained relatively constant at 7.9 Mt CO2e between 1987 and 2008. Including GHGE from land-use change, however, leads to an increase from 19.1 in 1987 to 21.9 Mt CO2e in 2008. The UK is currently importing over 50% of its food and feed, whereas 70% and 64% of the associated cropland and GHGE impacts, respectively, are located abroad. These results imply that the UK is increasingly reliant on external resources and that the environmental impact of its food supply is increasingly displaced overseas.
在气候变化的背景下，为不断增长的世界人口生产足够的健康食品是21世纪面临的一项重大挑战。农业贸易可以通过利用各国之间的比较生产率优势来帮助缓解这一挑战。然而，农业贸易对国家粮食安全有影响，并且可能将环境影响从发达国家转移到发展中国家。本研究通过分析英国食品和饲料供应对全球农田和温室气体的影响，阐述了单个国家农业贸易所产生的全球效应。与英国食品和饲料供应相关的全球农田足迹在1986年至2009年间增加了2022千公顷（增长23%）。1987年至2008年间，与化肥和粪肥施用以及水稻种植相关的温室气体排放（GHGE）相对稳定，为790万吨二氧化碳当量。然而，将土地利用变化产生的温室气体排放计算在内，会导致排放量从1987年的1910万吨二氧化碳当量增加到2008年的2190万吨二氧化碳当量。英国目前超过50%的食品和饲料依靠进口，而与之相关的农田和温室气体排放影响分别有70%和64%位于国外。这些结果表明，英国越来越依赖外部资源，其食品供应的环境影响也越来越多地转移到海外。
