Bai Zhaohai, Ma Wenqi, Zhao Hao, Guo Mengchu, Oenema Oene, Smith Pete, Velthof Gerard, Liu Xia, Hu Chunsheng, Wang Peiguang, Zhang Nannan, Liu Ling, Guo Sujuan, Fan Xiangwen, Winiwarter Wilfried, Ma Lin
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
Wageningen University, Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nat Food. 2021 Oct;2(10):780-791. doi: 10.1038/s43016-021-00351-4. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
International trade of agricultural products has complicated and far-reaching impacts on land and nitrogen use efficiencies. We analysed the productivity of cropland and livestock and associated use of feed and fertilizer efficiency for over 240 countries, and estimated these countries' cumulative contributions to imports and exports of 190 agricultural products for the period 1961-2017. Crop trade has increased global land and partial fertilizer nitrogen productivities in terms of protein production, which equalled savings of 2,270 Mha cropland and 480 Tg synthetic fertilizer nitrogen over the analysed period. However, crop trade decreased global cropland productivity when productivity is expressed on an energy (per calorie) basis. Agricultural trade has generally moved towards optimality, that is, has increased global land and nitrogen use efficiencies during 1961-2017, but remains at a relatively low level. Overall, mixed impacts of trade on resource use indicate the need to rethink trade patterns and improve their optimality.
农产品国际贸易对土地和氮素利用效率有着复杂而深远的影响。我们分析了240多个国家的农田和牲畜生产力以及饲料和肥料利用效率，并估算了这些国家在1961年至2017年期间对190种农产品进出口的累积贡献。就蛋白质生产而言，作物贸易提高了全球土地和部分化肥氮素生产力，在分析期内相当于节省了22.7亿公顷农田和4.8亿吨合成化肥氮。然而，当以能量（每卡路里）为基础来表示生产力时，作物贸易降低了全球农田生产力。总体而言，农业贸易在1961年至2017年期间总体上朝着最优方向发展，即提高了全球土地和氮素利用效率，但仍处于相对较低水平。贸易对资源利用的综合影响表明，有必要重新思考贸易模式并提高其最优性。
