城市和生活源原水及处理后废水中人类相关拟杆菌属基因溯源标志物的出现情况以及与粪便污染标准指标和替代指标的比较。
Occurrence of human-associated Bacteroidetes genetic source tracking markers in raw and treated wastewater of municipal and domestic origin and comparison to standard and alternative indicators of faecal pollution.
作者信息
Mayer R E, Bofill-Mas S, Egle L, Reischer G H, Schade M, Fernandez-Cassi X, Fuchs W, Mach R L, Lindner G, Kirschner A, Gaisbauer M, Piringer H, Blaschke A P, Girones R, Zessner M, Sommer R, Farnleitner A H
机构信息
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a/166-5-2, A-1060, Vienna, Austria; InterUniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Austria.
Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
出版信息
Water Res. 2016 Mar 1;90:265-276. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.031. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
This was a detailed investigation of the seasonal occurrence, dynamics, removal and resistance of human-associated genetic Bacteroidetes faecal markers (GeBaM) compared with ISO-based standard faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB), human-specific viral faecal markers and one human-associated Bacteroidetes phage in raw and treated wastewater of municipal and domestic origin. Characteristics of the selected activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from Austria and Germany were studied in detail (WWTPs, n = 13, connected populations from 3 to 49000 individuals), supported by volume-proportional automated 24-h sampling and chemical water quality analysis. GeBaM were consistently detected in high concentrations in raw (median log10 8.6 marker equivalents (ME) 100 ml(-1)) and biologically treated wastewater samples (median log10 6.2-6.5 ME 100 ml(-1)), irrespective of plant size, type and time of the season (n = 53-65). GeBaM, Escherichia coli, and enterococci concentrations revealed the same range of statistical variability for raw (multiplicative standard deviations s* = 2.3-3.0) and treated wastewater (s* = 3.7-4.5), with increased variability after treatment. Clostridium perfringens spores revealed the lowest variability for raw wastewater (s* = 1.5). In raw wastewater correlations among microbiological parameters were only detectable between GeBaM, C. perfringens and JC polyomaviruses. Statistical associations amongst microbial parameters increased during wastewater treatment. Two plants with advanced treatment were also investigated, revealing a minimum log10 5.0 (10th percentile) reduction of GeBaM in the activated sludge membrane bioreactor, but no reduction of the genetic markers during UV irradiation (254 nm). This study highlights the potential of human-associated GeBaM to complement wastewater impact monitoring based on the determination of SFIB. In addition, human-specific JC polyomaviruses and adenoviruses seem to be a valuable support if highly specific markers are needed.
这是一项详细的调查，比较了与人类相关的拟杆菌粪便标志物（GeBaM）与基于ISO的标准粪便指示菌（SFIB）、人类特异性病毒粪便标志物以及一种与人类相关的拟杆菌噬菌体在城市和生活源原水及处理后废水中的季节性出现情况、动态变化、去除情况和抗性。详细研究了来自奥地利和德国的选定活性污泥污水处理厂（WWTPs）的特征（WWTPs，n = 13，服务人口从3人到49000人），并通过按体积比例的自动化24小时采样和化学水质分析提供支持。无论工厂规模、类型和季节时间如何（n = 53 - 65），在原水（中位数log10 8.6标志物当量（ME）/100 ml(-1)）和生物处理后的废水样本（中位数log10 6.2 - 6.5 ME/100 ml(-1)）中均持续检测到高浓度的GeBaM。GeBaM、大肠杆菌和肠球菌的浓度在原水（乘性标准偏差s* = 2.3 - 3.0）和处理后废水（s* = 3.7 - 4.5）中显示出相同范围的统计变异性，处理后变异性增加。产气荚膜梭菌孢子在原废水中的变异性最低（s* = 1.5）。在原废水中，微生物参数之间的相关性仅在GeBaM、产气荚膜梭菌和JC多瘤病毒之间可检测到。废水处理过程中微生物参数之间的统计关联增加。还对两个采用深度处理的工厂进行了调查，结果显示在活性污泥膜生物反应器中GeBaM至少降低了log10 5.0（第10百分位数），但在紫外线照射（254 nm）期间遗传标志物没有降低。本研究强调了与人类相关的GeBaM在基于SFIB测定补充废水影响监测方面的潜力。此外，如果需要高度特异性的标志物，人类特异性JC多瘤病毒和腺病毒似乎是有价值的支持。
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