Xie Tianwu, Zaidi Habib
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland.
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva University, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Med Phys. 2016 Jan;43(1):111. doi: 10.1118/1.4937598.
The development of multimodality preclinical imaging techniques and the rapid growth of realistic computer simulation tools have promoted the construction and application of computational laboratory animal models in preclinical research. Since the early 1990s, over 120 realistic computational animal models have been reported in the literature and used as surrogates to characterize the anatomy of actual animals for the simulation of preclinical studies involving the use of bioluminescence tomography, fluorescence molecular tomography, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical imaging. Other applications include electromagnetic field simulation, ionizing and nonionizing radiation dosimetry, and the development and evaluation of new methodologies for multimodality image coregistration, segmentation, and reconstruction of small animal images. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the history and fundamental technologies used for the development of computational small animal models with a particular focus on their application in preclinical imaging as well as nonionizing and ionizing radiation dosimetry calculations. An overview of the overall process involved in the design of these models, including the fundamental elements used for the construction of different types of computational models, the identification of original anatomical data, the simulation tools used for solving various computational problems, and the applications of computational animal models in preclinical research. The authors also analyze the characteristics of categories of computational models (stylized, voxel-based, and boundary representation) and discuss the technical challenges faced at the present time as well as research needs in the future.
多模态临床前成像技术的发展以及逼真的计算机模拟工具的迅速增长，推动了临床前研究中计算实验动物模型的构建与应用。自20世纪90年代初以来，文献中已报道了120多种逼真的计算动物模型，并将其用作替代物，以表征实际动物的解剖结构，用于模拟涉及生物发光断层扫描、荧光分子断层扫描、正电子发射断层扫描、单光子发射计算机断层扫描、微型计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和光学成像的临床前研究。其他应用包括电磁场模拟、电离和非电离辐射剂量测定，以及用于小动物图像多模态图像配准、分割和重建的新方法的开发与评估。本文全面回顾了用于开发计算小动物模型的历史和基础技术，特别关注其在临床前成像以及非电离和电离辐射剂量计算中的应用。概述了这些模型设计中涉及的整个过程，包括用于构建不同类型计算模型的基本要素、原始解剖数据的识别、用于解决各种计算问题的模拟工具，以及计算动物模型在临床前研究中的应用。作者还分析了计算模型类别（风格化、基于体素和边界表示）的特点，并讨论了当前面临的技术挑战以及未来的研究需求。
