CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Mar 1;545-546:219-26. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.063. Epub 2015 Dec 31.
Freshwater wetlands provide crucial ecosystem services, though are subject to anthropogenic/natural stressors that provoke negative impacts on these ecosystems, services and values. The European Union Water Framework Directive aims to achieve good status of surface waters by 2015, through implementation of Catchment Management Plans. Implementation of Catchment Management Plans is costly, though associated benefits from improvements in surface water status are less well known. This paper establishes a functional relationship between surface water status and cultural ecosystem service values of freshwater systems. Hence, we develop a bio-economic valuation approach in which we relate ecological status and chemical status of surface waters (based on local physio-chemical and benthic macro-invertebrates survey data) to willingness-to-pay (using benefit-function transfer). Results for the Pateira de Fermentelos freshwater wetland (Portugal) show that the current status of surface waters is good from a chemical though only moderate from an ecological perspective. The current cultural ecosystem service value of the wetland is estimated at 1.54 m€/yr- increasing to 2.02 m€/yr in case good status of surface waters is obtained. Taking into account ecosystem services and values in decision making is essential to avoid costs from externalities and capture benefits from spill-overs--leading to more equitable, effective and efficient water resources management.
淡水湿地提供了至关重要的生态系统服务，但也受到人为/自然胁迫的影响，这些胁迫会对这些生态系统、服务和价值产生负面影响。欧盟水框架指令旨在通过实施集水区管理计划，到 2015 年实现地表水的良好状态。实施集水区管理计划成本高昂，尽管改善地表水状况带来的相关效益却鲜为人知。本文建立了地表水状况与淡水系统文化生态系统服务价值之间的功能关系。因此，我们开发了一种生物经济评估方法，其中我们将地表水的生态状况和化学状况（基于当地的物理化学和底栖大型无脊椎动物调查数据）与支付意愿（使用效益函数转移）联系起来。对葡萄牙帕泰雷拉·德·费尔门托雷洛斯淡水湿地的研究结果表明，目前从化学角度来看，地表水的状况良好，但从生态角度来看，状况只是中等。湿地目前的文化生态系统服务价值估计为 1.54 百万欧元/年，如果地表水达到良好状态，这一价值将增加到 2.02 百万欧元/年。在决策中考虑生态系统服务和价值对于避免外部性成本和获取溢出效益至关重要，这将导致更公平、更有效和更高效的水资源管理。
