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加利福尼亚州长滩市医用大麻药房与犯罪的微观时空地理空间分析。

A micro-temporal geospatial analysis of medical marijuana dispensaries and crime in Long Beach, California.

作者信息

Freisthler Bridget, Ponicki William R, Gaidus Andrew, Gruenewald Paul J

机构信息

Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA.

出版信息

Addiction. 2016 Jun;111(6):1027-35. doi: 10.1111/add.13301. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

DOI:10.1111/add.13301
PMID:26748438
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4861677/
Abstract

AIMS

To determine whether the density of marijuana dispensaries in California, USA, in 2012-13 was related to violent and property crimes, both locally and in adjacent areas, during a time in which local law enforcement conducted operations to reduce the number of storefront medical marijuana dispensaries.

DESIGN

Data on locations of crimes and medical marijuana dispensaries as well as other covariates were collected for a sample of 333 Census block groups.

SETTING

Long Beach, California, USA from January 2012 to December 2013.

OBSERVATIONS

A total of 7992 space-time observations (from 333 Census block groups over 24 time-points).

MEASUREMENTS

Outcome measures focused on block-group counts of violent and property crimes. Predictors were numbers of local and adjacent-area medical marijuana dispensaries. Covariates included markers of alcohol availability as well as area demographic and economic characteristics.

FINDINGS

After adjustment for covariates, density of medical marijuana dispensaries was unrelated to property and violent crimes in local areas but related positively to crime in spatially adjacent areas [incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.0248, CI (1.0097, 1.0402) for violent crime, IRR = 1.0169, CI (1.0071, 1.0268) for property crime].

CONCLUSIONS

Using law enforcement to reduce medical marijuana dispensaries in California appears to have reduced crime in residential areas near to, but not in, these locations.

摘要

目的

确定2012 - 13年美国加利福尼亚州医用大麻药房的密度是否与当地及相邻地区的暴力犯罪和财产犯罪有关，当时当地执法部门开展行动以减少店面医用大麻药房的数量。

设计

收集了333个人口普查街区组样本的犯罪地点、医用大麻药房位置以及其他协变量的数据。

地点

美国加利福尼亚州长滩，2012年1月至2013年12月。

观察对象

总共7992个时空观察数据（来自333个人口普查街区组，共24个时间点）。

测量指标

结果指标聚焦于街区组暴力犯罪和财产犯罪的计数。预测因素为当地及相邻地区医用大麻药房的数量。协变量包括酒精可获得性指标以及地区人口和经济特征。

研究结果

在对协变量进行调整后，医用大麻药房的密度与当地的财产犯罪和暴力犯罪无关，但与空间相邻地区的犯罪呈正相关[暴力犯罪的发病率比（IRR）= 1.0248，CI（1.0097，1.0402）；财产犯罪的IRR = 1.0169，CI（1.0071，1.0268）]。

结论

在加利福尼亚州利用执法手段减少医用大麻药房似乎减少了这些地点附近居民区的犯罪，但这些地点本身的犯罪并未减少。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/a7e651762fab/nihms-750390-f0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/a50aa2c54ebb/nihms-750390-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/7a81563ab428/nihms-750390-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/a7e651762fab/nihms-750390-f0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/a50aa2c54ebb/nihms-750390-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/7a81563ab428/nihms-750390-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2734/4861677/a7e651762fab/nihms-750390-f0003.jpg

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