Zhai Zu Wei, Pajtek Stefan, Luna Beatriz, Geier Charles F, Ridenour Ty A, Clark Duncan B
University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Parkvale Annex, Suite 203, 3520 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
J Res Adolesc. 2015 Dec;25(4):753-764. doi: 10.1111/jora.12168. Epub 2014 Sep 13.
Immaturities in cognitive shifting are associated with adolescent risk behaviors. The orbital frontal cortex (OFC) regulates reward processing and response inhibition. This study tested the relationship between cognitive shifting, OFC activity, and reward-modulated response inhibition in young adolescents. An fMRI antisaccade (AS) paradigm examined the effects of reward conditions on inhibitory response and OFC processing. A validated self-report inventory assessed cognitive shifting. Compared to neutral, reward trials showed better AS performance and increased OFC activation. Cognitive shifting positively associated with AS performance in reward and neutral trials. Poorer cognitive shifting predicted greater OFC activation. Results indicate lower OFC efficiency, as greater activation to achieve correct performance, underlies cognitive shifting problems. These neurocognitive impairments are relevant for understanding adolescent risk behaviors.
认知转换方面的不成熟与青少年的风险行为有关。眶额皮质(OFC)调节奖赏处理和反应抑制。本研究测试了青少年认知转换、OFC活动与奖赏调节的反应抑制之间的关系。一项功能磁共振成像反扫视(AS)范式研究了奖赏条件对抑制反应和OFC处理的影响。一份经过验证的自我报告量表评估了认知转换。与中性条件相比,奖赏试验表现出更好的AS表现和OFC激活增加。在奖赏和中性试验中,认知转换与AS表现呈正相关。较差的认知转换预示着更大的OFC激活。结果表明,较低的OFC效率,即需要更大的激活才能实现正确表现,是认知转换问题的基础。这些神经认知障碍对于理解青少年风险行为具有重要意义。