Moen Birgitte, Berget Ingunn, Rud Ida, Hole Anastasia S, Kjos Nils Petter, Sahlstrøm Stefan
Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway.
Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway.
Food Funct. 2016 Feb;7(2):1024-32. doi: 10.1039/c5fo01452b.
The effect of extrusion of barley and oat on the fecal microbiota and the formation of SCFA was evaluated using growing pigs as model system. The pigs were fed a diet containing either whole grain barley (BU), oat groat (OU), or their respective extruded samples (BE and OE). 454 pyrosequencing showed that the fecal microbiota of growing pigs was affected by both extrusion and grain type. Extruded grain resulted in lower bacterial diversity and enrichment in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with members of the Streptococcus, Blautia and Bulleidia genera, while untreated grain showed enrichment in OTUs affiliated with members of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, and the butyrate-producing bacteria Butyricicoccus, Roseburia, Coprococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio. Untreated grain resulted in a significant increase of n-butyric, i-valeric and n-valeric acid, which correlated with an increase of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. This is the first study showing that cereal extrusion affects the microbiota composition and diversity towards a state generally thought to be less beneficial for health, as well as less amounts of beneficial butyric acid.
以生长猪作为模型系统，评估了大麦和燕麦挤压处理对粪便微生物群及短链脂肪酸（SCFA）形成的影响。给猪喂食含有全谷物大麦（BU）、燕麦粒（OU）或它们各自挤压样品（BE和OE）的日粮。454焦磷酸测序显示，生长猪的粪便微生物群受到挤压处理和谷物类型的影响。挤压谷物导致细菌多样性降低，并使隶属于链球菌属、布劳特氏菌属和布勒迪氏菌属成员的操作分类单元（OTU）富集，而未处理的谷物显示隶属于双歧杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属成员以及产丁酸细菌丁酸球菌属、罗斯氏菌属、粪球菌属和假丁酸弧菌属的OTU富集。未处理的谷物导致正丁酸、异戊酸和正戊酸显著增加，这与双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的增加相关。这是第一项表明谷物挤压会影响微生物群组成和多样性，使其朝着通常认为对健康益处较少的状态发展，同时有益丁酸含量也减少的研究。
