Karimi Mahdi, Eslami Masoud, Sahandi-Zangabad Parham, Mirab Fereshteh, Farajisafiloo Negar, Shafaei Zahra, Ghosh Deepanjan, Bozorgomid Mahnaz, Dashkhaneh Fariba, Hamblin Michael R
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2016 Sep;8(5):696-716. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1389. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
In recent years miscellaneous smart micro/nanosystems that respond to various exogenous/endogenous stimuli including temperature, magnetic/electric field, mechanical force, ultrasound/light irradiation, redox potentials, and biomolecule concentration have been developed for targeted delivery and release of encapsulated therapeutic agents such as drugs, genes, proteins, and metal ions specifically at their required site of action. Owing to physiological differences between malignant and normal cells, or between tumors and normal tissues, pH-sensitive nanosystems represent promising smart delivery vehicles for transport and delivery of anticancer agents. Furthermore, pH-sensitive systems possess applications in delivery of metal ions and biomolecules such as proteins, insulin, etc., as well as co-delivery of cargos, dual pH-sensitive nanocarriers, dual/multi stimuli-responsive nanosystems, and even in the search for new solutions for therapy of diseases such as Alzheimer's. In order to design an optimized system, it is necessary to understand the various pH-responsive micro/nanoparticles and the different mechanisms of pH-sensitive drug release. This should be accompanied by an assessment of the theoretical and practical challenges in the design and use of these carriers. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:696-716. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1389 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
近年来，人们开发了各种智能微/纳米系统，这些系统可响应包括温度、磁场/电场、机械力、超声/光照射、氧化还原电位和生物分子浓度在内的各种外源性/内源性刺激，用于在所需作用部位特异性地靶向递送和释放封装的治疗剂，如药物、基因、蛋白质和金属离子。由于恶性细胞与正常细胞之间，或肿瘤与正常组织之间存在生理差异，pH敏感纳米系统是用于运输和递送抗癌药物的很有前景的智能递送载体。此外，pH敏感系统在金属离子和生物分子（如蛋白质、胰岛素等）的递送，以及货物的共递送、双pH敏感纳米载体、双/多刺激响应纳米系统等方面都有应用，甚至在寻找治疗阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病的新解决方案中也有应用。为了设计一个优化的系统，有必要了解各种pH响应性微/纳米颗粒以及pH敏感药物释放的不同机制。同时，还应对这些载体设计和使用中的理论和实际挑战进行评估。《WIREs纳米医学与纳米生物技术》2016年，8:696 - 716。doi:10.1002/wnan.1389 有关本文的更多资源，请访问WIREs网站。
