Ried Karin
National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
J Nutr. 2016 Feb;146(2):389S-396S. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.202192. Epub 2016 Jan 13.
Garlic has been shown to have cardiovascular protective and immunomodulatory properties.
We updated a previous meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood pressure and reviewed the effect of garlic on cholesterol and immunity.
We searched the Medline database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1955 and December 2013 on the effect of garlic preparations on blood pressure. In addition, we reviewed the effect of garlic on cholesterol and immunity.
Our updated meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood pressure, which included 20 trials with 970 participants, showed a mean ± SE decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 5.1 ± 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and a mean ± SE decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 2.5 ± 1.6 mm Hg (P < 0.002) compared with placebo. Subgroup analysis of trials in hypertensive subjects (SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg) at baseline revealed a larger significant reduction in SBP of 8.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001; n = 10) and in DBP of 6.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg (P < 0.001; n = 6). A previously published meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood lipids, which included 39 primary RCTs and 2300 adults treated for a minimum of 2 wk, suggested garlic to be effective in reducing total and LDL cholesterol by 10% if taken for >2 mo by individuals with slightly elevated concentrations [e.g., total cholesterol >200 mg/dL (>5.5 mmol/L)]. Garlic has immunomodulating effects by increasing macrophage activity, natural killer cells, and the production of T and B cells. Clinical trials have shown garlic to significantly reduce the number, duration, and severity of upper respiratory infections.
Our review suggests that garlic supplements have the potential to lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, to regulate slightly elevated cholesterol concentrations, and to stimulate the immune system. Garlic supplements are highly tolerated and may be considered as a complementary treatment option for hypertension, slightly elevated cholesterol, and stimulation of immunity. Future long-term trials are needed to elucidate the effect of garlic on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
大蒜已被证明具有心血管保护和免疫调节特性。
我们更新了之前关于大蒜对血压影响的荟萃分析，并回顾了大蒜对胆固醇和免疫力的影响。
我们在Medline数据库中搜索了1955年至2013年12月间发表的关于大蒜制剂对血压影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。此外，我们回顾了大蒜对胆固醇和免疫力的影响。
我们更新的关于大蒜对血压影响的荟萃分析纳入了20项试验共970名参与者，结果显示与安慰剂相比，收缩压（SBP）平均±标准误降低了5.1±2.2 mmHg（P<0.001），舒张压（DBP）平均±标准误降低了2.5±1.6 mmHg（P<0.002）。对基线时高血压受试者（SBP/DBP≥140/90 mmHg）的试验进行亚组分析发现，SBP有更大幅度的显著降低，为8.7±2.2 mmHg（P<0.001；n=10），DBP降低了6.1±1.3 mmHg（P<0.001；n=6）。之前发表的一项关于大蒜对血脂影响的荟萃分析纳入了39项主要RCT和2300名接受至少2周治疗的成年人，结果表明，如果血脂浓度略有升高的个体（如总胆固醇>200 mg/dL（>5.5 mmol/L））服用大蒜>2个月，大蒜可有效降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇10%。大蒜通过增加巨噬细胞活性、自然杀伤细胞以及T细胞和B细胞的产生而具有免疫调节作用。临床试验表明大蒜可显著减少上呼吸道感染的次数、持续时间和严重程度。
我们的综述表明，大蒜补充剂有可能降低高血压个体的血压，调节略有升高的胆固醇浓度，并刺激免疫系统。大蒜补充剂耐受性良好，可被视为高血压、胆固醇略有升高和刺激免疫力的辅助治疗选择。未来需要进行长期试验以阐明大蒜对心血管发病率和死亡率的影响。
